*
*/
-#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
-#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
-#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <jansson.h>
#include <talloc.h>
+#include <poll.h>
#include <tid_internal.h>
#include <gsscon.h>
#include <tr_debug.h>
#include <tr_msg.h>
+#include <tr_socket.h>
+#include <tr_gss.h>
+#include <tr_event.h>
-static TID_RESP *tids_create_response (TIDS_INSTANCE *tids, TID_REQ *req)
+/**
+ * Create a response with minimal fields filled in
+ *
+ * @param mem_ctx talloc context for the return value
+ * @param req request to respond to
+ * @return new response structure allocated in the mem_ctx context
+ */
+static TID_RESP *tids_create_response(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, TID_REQ *req)
{
- TID_RESP *resp;
+ TID_RESP *resp=NULL;
+ int success=0;
- if ((NULL == (resp = talloc_zero(req, TID_RESP)))) {
+ if (NULL == (resp = tid_resp_new(mem_ctx))) {
tr_crit("tids_create_response: Error allocating response structure.");
return NULL;
}
(NULL == (resp->realm = tr_dup_name(req->realm))) ||
(NULL == (resp->comm = tr_dup_name(req->comm)))) {
tr_crit("tids_create_response: Error allocating fields in response.");
- return NULL;
+ goto cleanup;
}
if (req->orig_coi) {
if (NULL == (resp->orig_coi = tr_dup_name(req->orig_coi))) {
tr_crit("tids_create_response: Error allocating fields in response.");
- return NULL;
+ goto cleanup;
}
}
- return resp;
-}
-
-static void tids_destroy_response(TIDS_INSTANCE *tids, TID_RESP *resp)
-{
- if (resp) {
- if (resp->err_msg)
- tr_free_name(resp->err_msg);
- if (resp->rp_realm)
- tr_free_name(resp->rp_realm);
- if (resp->realm)
- tr_free_name(resp->realm);
- if (resp->comm)
- tr_free_name(resp->comm);
- if (resp->orig_coi)
- tr_free_name(resp->orig_coi);
- talloc_free(resp);
- }
-}
-
-static int tids_listen (TIDS_INSTANCE *tids, int port)
-{
- int rc = 0;
- int conn = -1;
- int optval = 1;
-
- union {
- struct sockaddr_storage storage;
- struct sockaddr_in in4;
- } addr;
-
- struct sockaddr_in *saddr = (struct sockaddr_in *) &addr.in4;
-
- saddr->sin_port = htons (port);
- saddr->sin_family = AF_INET;
- saddr->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
-
- if (0 > (conn = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)))
- return conn;
-
- setsockopt(conn, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &optval, sizeof(optval));
-
- if (0 > (rc = bind (conn, (struct sockaddr *) saddr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))))
- return rc;
-
- if (0 > (rc = listen(conn, 512)))
- return rc;
-
- tr_debug("tids_listen: TID Server listening on port %d", port);
- return conn;
-}
-
-/* returns EACCES if authorization is denied */
-static int tids_auth_cb(gss_name_t clientName, gss_buffer_t displayName,
- void *data)
-{
- struct tids_instance *inst = (struct tids_instance *) data;
- TR_NAME name ={(char *) displayName->value,
- displayName->length};
- int result=0;
-
- if (0!=inst->auth_handler(clientName, &name, inst->cookie)) {
- tr_debug("tids_auth_cb: client '%.*s' denied authorization.", name.len, name.buf);
- result=EACCES; /* denied */
- }
-
- return result;
-}
-
-/* returns 0 on authorization success, 1 on failure, or -1 in case of error */
-static int tids_auth_connection (TIDS_INSTANCE *inst,
- int conn,
- gss_ctx_id_t *gssctx)
-{
- int rc = 0;
- int auth, autherr = 0;
- gss_buffer_desc nameBuffer = {0, NULL};
- char *name = 0;
- int nameLen = 0;
-
- nameLen = asprintf(&name, "trustidentity@%s", inst->hostname);
- nameBuffer.length = nameLen;
- nameBuffer.value = name;
-
- if (rc = gsscon_passive_authenticate(conn, nameBuffer, gssctx, tids_auth_cb, inst)) {
- tr_debug("tids_auth_connection: Error from gsscon_passive_authenticate(), rc = %d.", rc);
- return -1;
- }
- if (rc = gsscon_authorize(*gssctx, &auth, &autherr)) {
- tr_debug("tids_auth_connection: Error from gsscon_authorize, rc = %d, autherr = %d.",
- rc, autherr);
- return -1;
- }
-
- if (auth)
- tr_debug("tids_auth_connection: Connection authenticated, conn = %d.", conn);
- else
- tr_debug("tids_auth_connection: Authentication failed, conn %d.", conn);
-
- return !auth;
-}
+ success=1;
-static int tids_read_request (TIDS_INSTANCE *tids, int conn, gss_ctx_id_t *gssctx, TR_MSG **mreq)
-{
- int err;
- char *buf;
- size_t buflen = 0;
-
- if (err = gsscon_read_encrypted_token(conn, *gssctx, &buf, &buflen)) {
- if (buf)
- free(buf);
- return -1;
- }
-
- tr_debug("tids_read_request():Request Received, %u bytes.", (unsigned) buflen);
-
- /* Parse request */
- if (NULL == ((*mreq) = tr_msg_decode(buf, buflen))) {
- tr_debug("tids_read_request():Error decoding request.");
- free (buf);
- return -1;
- }
-
- /* If this isn't a TID Request, just drop it. */
- if (TID_REQUEST != (*mreq)->msg_type) {
- tr_debug("tids_read_request(): Not a TID Request, dropped.");
- return -1;
+cleanup:
+ if ((!success) && (resp!=NULL)) {
+ talloc_free(resp);
+ resp=NULL;
}
-
- free (buf);
- return buflen;
+ return resp;
}
-static int tids_handle_request (TIDS_INSTANCE *tids, TR_MSG *mreq, TID_RESP *resp)
+static int tids_handle_request(TIDS_INSTANCE *tids, TID_REQ *req, TID_RESP *resp)
{
- int rc;
+ int rc=-1;
/* Check that this is a valid TID Request. If not, send an error return. */
- if ((!tr_msg_get_req(mreq)) ||
- (!tr_msg_get_req(mreq)->rp_realm) ||
- (!tr_msg_get_req(mreq)->realm) ||
- (!tr_msg_get_req(mreq)->comm)) {
+ if ((!req) ||
+ (!(req->rp_realm)) ||
+ (!(req->realm)) ||
+ (!(req->comm))) {
tr_notice("tids_handle_request(): Not a valid TID Request.");
- resp->result = TID_ERROR;
- resp->err_msg = tr_new_name("Bad request format");
+ tid_resp_set_result(resp, TID_ERROR);
+ tid_resp_set_err_msg(resp, tr_new_name("Bad request format"));
return -1;
}
- tid_req_add_path(tr_msg_get_req(mreq), tids->hostname, tids->tids_port);
+ tr_debug("tids_handle_request: adding self to req path.");
+ tid_req_add_path(req, tids->hostname, tids->tids_port);
/* Call the caller's request handler */
/* TBD -- Handle different error returns/msgs */
- if (0 > (rc = (*tids->req_handler)(tids, tr_msg_get_req(mreq), resp, tids->cookie))) {
+ if (0 > (rc = (*tids->req_handler)(tids, req, resp, tids->cookie))) {
/* set-up an error response */
- resp->result = TID_ERROR;
- if (!resp->err_msg) /* Use msg set by handler, if any */
- resp->err_msg = tr_new_name("Internal processing error");
- }
- else {
+ tr_debug("tids_handle_request: req_handler returned error.");
+ tid_resp_set_result(resp, TID_ERROR);
+ if (!tid_resp_get_err_msg(resp)) /* Use msg set by handler, if any */
+ tid_resp_set_err_msg(resp, tr_new_name("Internal processing error"));
+ } else {
/* set-up a success response */
- resp->result = TID_SUCCESS;
+ tr_debug("tids_handle_request: req_handler returned success.");
+ tid_resp_set_result(resp, TID_SUCCESS);
resp->err_msg = NULL; /* No error msg on successful return */
}
return rc;
}
+/**
+ * Produces a JSON-encoded msg containing the TID response
+ *
+ * @param mem_ctx talloc context for the return value
+ * @param resp outgoing response
+ * @return JSON-encoded message containing the TID response
+ */
+static char *tids_encode_response(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, TID_RESP *resp)
+{
+ TR_MSG mresp;
+ char *resp_buf = NULL;
+
+ /* Construct the response message */
+ mresp.msg_type = TID_RESPONSE;
+ tr_msg_set_resp(&mresp, resp);
+
+ /* Encode the message to JSON */
+ resp_buf = tr_msg_encode(mem_ctx, &mresp);
+ if (resp_buf == NULL) {
+ tr_err("tids_encode_response: Error encoding json response.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ tr_debug("tids_encode_response: Encoded response: %s", resp_buf);
+
+ /* Success */
+ return resp_buf;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Encode/send an error response
+ *
+ * Part of the public interface
+ *
+ * @param tids
+ * @param req
+ * @param err_msg
+ * @return
+ */
int tids_send_err_response (TIDS_INSTANCE *tids, TID_REQ *req, const char *err_msg) {
TID_RESP *resp = NULL;
int rc = 0;
+ if ((!tids) || (!req) || (!err_msg)) {
+ tr_debug("tids_send_err_response: Invalid parameters.");
+ return -1;
+ }
+
/* If we already sent a response, don't send another no matter what. */
if (req->resp_sent)
return 0;
- if (NULL == (resp = tids_create_response(tids, req))) {
+ if (NULL == (resp = tids_create_response(req, req))) {
tr_crit("tids_send_err_response: Can't create response.");
return -1;
}
-
/* mark this as an error response, and include the error message */
resp->result = TID_ERROR;
resp->err_msg = tr_new_name((char *)err_msg);
resp->error_path = req->path;
rc = tids_send_response(tids, req, resp);
-
- tids_destroy_response(tids, resp);
+
+ tid_resp_free(resp);
return rc;
}
+/**
+ * Encode/send a response
+ *
+ * Part of the public interface
+ *
+ * @param tids not actually used, but kept for ABI compatibility
+ * @param req
+ * @param resp
+ * @return
+ */
int tids_send_response (TIDS_INSTANCE *tids, TID_REQ *req, TID_RESP *resp)
{
int err;
- TR_MSG mresp;
char *resp_buf;
- if ((!tids) || (!req) || (!resp))
+ if ((!tids) || (!req) || (!resp)) {
tr_debug("tids_send_response: Invalid parameters.");
+ return -1;
+ }
/* Never send a second response if we already sent one. */
if (req->resp_sent)
return 0;
- mresp.msg_type = TID_RESPONSE;
- tr_msg_set_resp(&mresp, resp);
-
- if (NULL == (resp_buf = tr_msg_encode(&mresp))) {
-
- fprintf(stderr, "tids_send_response: Error encoding json response.\n");
+ resp_buf = tids_encode_response(NULL, NULL);
+ if (resp_buf == NULL) {
+ tr_err("tids_send_response: Error encoding json response.");
tr_audit_req(req);
-
return -1;
}
tr_audit_resp(resp);
/* Send the response over the connection */
- if (err = gsscon_write_encrypted_token (req->conn, req->gssctx, resp_buf,
- strlen(resp_buf) + 1)) {
+ err = gsscon_write_encrypted_token (req->conn, req->gssctx, resp_buf,
+ strlen(resp_buf) + 1);
+ if (err) {
tr_notice("tids_send_response: Error sending response over connection.");
-
tr_audit_req(req);
-
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
-static void tids_handle_connection (TIDS_INSTANCE *tids, int conn)
+/**
+ * Callback to process a request and produce a response
+ *
+ * @param req_str JSON-encoded request
+ * @param data pointer to a TIDS_INSTANCE
+ * @return pointer to the response string or null to send no response
+ */
+static TR_MSG *tids_req_cb(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, TR_MSG *mreq, void *data)
{
- TR_MSG *mreq = NULL;
+ TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = talloc_new(NULL);
+ TIDS_INSTANCE *tids = talloc_get_type_abort(data, TIDS_INSTANCE);
+ TID_REQ *req = NULL;
TID_RESP *resp = NULL;
+ TR_MSG *resp_msg = NULL; /* this is the return value */
int rc = 0;
- gss_ctx_id_t gssctx = GSS_C_NO_CONTEXT;
- if (tids_auth_connection(tids, conn, &gssctx)) {
- tr_notice("tids_handle_connection: Error authorizing TID Server connection.");
- close(conn);
- return;
+ /* If this isn't a TID Request, just drop it. */
+ if (mreq->msg_type != TID_REQUEST) {
+ tr_debug("tids_req_cb: Not a TID request, dropped.");
+ goto cleanup;
}
- tr_debug("tids_handle_connection: Connection authorized!");
+ /* Get a handle on the request itself. Don't free req - it belongs to mreq */
+ req = tr_msg_get_req(mreq);
- while (1) { /* continue until an error breaks us out */
+ /* Allocate a response message */
+ resp_msg = talloc(tmp_ctx, TR_MSG);
+ if (resp_msg == NULL) {
+ /* We cannot create a response message, so all we can really do is emit
+ * an error message and return. */
+ tr_crit("tids_req_cb: Error allocating response message.");
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
- if (0 > (rc = tids_read_request(tids, conn, &gssctx, &mreq))) {
- tr_debug("tids_handle_connection: Error from tids_read_request(), rc = %d.", rc);
- return;
- } else if (0 == rc) {
- continue;
- }
+ /* Allocate a response structure and populate common fields. Put it in the
+ * response message's talloc context. */
+ resp = tids_create_response(resp_msg, req);
+ if (resp == NULL) {
+ /* If we were unable to create a response, we cannot reply. Log an
+ * error if we can, then drop the request. */
+ tr_crit("tids_req_cb: Error creating response structure.");
+ resp_msg = NULL; /* the contents are in tmp_ctx, so they will still be cleaned up */
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+ /* Now officially assign the response to the message. */
+ tr_msg_set_resp(resp_msg, resp);
+
+ /* Handle the request and fill in resp */
+ rc = tids_handle_request(tids, req, resp);
+ if (rc < 0) {
+ tr_debug("tids_req_cb: Error from tids_handle_request(), rc = %d.", rc);
+ /* Fall through, to send the response, either way */
+ }
- /* Put connection information into the request structure */
- tr_msg_get_req(mreq)->conn = conn;
- tr_msg_get_req(mreq)->gssctx = gssctx;
+ /* put the response message in the caller's context */
+ talloc_steal(mem_ctx, resp_msg);
- /* Allocate a response structure and populate common fields */
- if (NULL == (resp = tids_create_response (tids, tr_msg_get_req(mreq)))) {
- tr_crit("tids_handle_connection: Error creating response structure.");
- /* try to send an error */
- tids_send_err_response(tids, tr_msg_get_req(mreq), "Error creating response.");
- return;
- }
+cleanup:
+ talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+ return resp_msg;
+}
- if (0 > (rc = tids_handle_request(tids, mreq, resp))) {
- tr_debug("tids_handle_connection: Error from tids_handle_request(), rc = %d.", rc);
- /* Fall through, to send the response, either way */
- }
+static int tids_destructor(void *object)
+{
+ TIDS_INSTANCE *tids = talloc_get_type_abort(object, TIDS_INSTANCE);
+ if (tids->pids)
+ g_array_unref(tids->pids);
+ return 0;
+}
- if (0 > (rc = tids_send_response(tids, tr_msg_get_req(mreq), resp))) {
- tr_debug("tids_handle_connection: Error from tids_send_response(), rc = %d.", rc);
- /* if we didn't already send a response, try to send a generic error. */
- if (!tr_msg_get_req(mreq)->resp_sent)
- tids_send_err_response(tids, tr_msg_get_req(mreq), "Error sending response.");
- /* Fall through to free the response, either way. */
+TIDS_INSTANCE *tids_new(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx)
+{
+ TIDS_INSTANCE *tids = talloc_zero(mem_ctx, TIDS_INSTANCE);
+ if (tids) {
+ tids->pids = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(pid_t));
+ if (tids->pids == NULL) {
+ talloc_free(tids);
+ return NULL;
}
-
- tids_destroy_response(tids, resp);
- return;
- }
+ talloc_set_destructor((void *)tids, tids_destructor);
+ }
+ return tids;
}
-TIDS_INSTANCE *tids_create (TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx)
+/**
+ * Create a new TIDS instance
+ *
+ * Deprecated: exists for ABI compatibility, but tids_new() should be used instead
+ *
+ */
+TIDS_INSTANCE *tids_create(void)
{
- return talloc_zero(mem_ctx, TIDS_INSTANCE);
+ return tids_new(NULL);
}
/* Get a listener for tids requests, returns its socket fd. Accept
* connections with tids_accept() */
-int tids_get_listener(TIDS_INSTANCE *tids,
- TIDS_REQ_FUNC *req_handler,
- tids_auth_func *auth_handler,
- const char *hostname,
- unsigned int port,
- void *cookie)
+nfds_t tids_get_listener(TIDS_INSTANCE *tids,
+ TIDS_REQ_FUNC *req_handler,
+ tids_auth_func *auth_handler,
+ const char *hostname,
+ unsigned int port,
+ void *cookie,
+ int *fd_out,
+ size_t max_fd)
{
- int listen = -1;
+ nfds_t n_fd = 0;
+ nfds_t ii = 0;
tids->tids_port = port;
- if (0 > (listen = tids_listen(tids, port))) {
- char errbuf[256];
- if (0 == strerror_r(errno, errbuf, 256)) {
- tr_debug("tids_get_listener: Error opening port %d: %s.", port, errbuf);
- } else {
- tr_debug("tids_get_listener: Unknown error openining port %d.", port);
- }
- }
+ n_fd = tr_sock_listen_all(port, fd_out, max_fd);
- if (listen > 0) {
+ if (n_fd == 0)
+ tr_err("tids_get_listener: Error opening port %d");
+ else {
/* opening port succeeded */
- tr_debug("tids_get_listener: Opened port %d.", port);
+ tr_info("tids_get_listener: Opened port %d.", port);
/* make this socket non-blocking */
- if (0 != fcntl(listen, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK)) {
- tr_debug("tids_get_listener: Error setting O_NONBLOCK.");
- close(listen);
- listen=-1;
+ for (ii=0; ii<n_fd; ii++) {
+ if (0 != fcntl(fd_out[ii], F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK)) {
+ tr_err("tids_get_listener: Error setting O_NONBLOCK.");
+ for (ii=0; ii<n_fd; ii++) {
+ close(fd_out[ii]);
+ fd_out[ii]=-1;
+ }
+ n_fd = 0;
+ break;
+ }
}
}
- if (listen > 0) {
+ if (n_fd > 0) {
/* store the caller's request handler & cookie */
tids->req_handler = req_handler;
tids->auth_handler = auth_handler;
tids->cookie = cookie;
}
- return listen;
+ return (int)n_fd;
}
/* Accept and process a connection on a port opened with tids_get_listener() */
if (pid == 0) {
close(listen);
- tids_handle_connection(tids, conn);
+ tr_gss_handle_connection(conn,
+ "trustidentity", tids->hostname, /* acceptor name */
+ tids->auth_handler, tids->cookie, /* auth callback and cookie */
+ tids_req_cb, tids /* req callback and cookie */
+ );
close(conn);
exit(0); /* exit to kill forked child process */
- } else {
- close(conn);
}
- /* clean up any processes that have completed (TBD: move to main loop?) */
- while (waitpid(-1, 0, WNOHANG) > 0);
+ /* Only the parent process gets here */
+ close(conn); /* connection belongs to the child */
+ g_array_append_val(tids->pids, pid); /* remember the PID of our child process */
+
+ /* clean up any processes that have completed */
+ tids_sweep_procs(tids);
return 0;
}
-/* Process tids requests forever. Should not return except on error. */
-int tids_start (TIDS_INSTANCE *tids,
- TIDS_REQ_FUNC *req_handler,
- tids_auth_func *auth_handler,
- const char *hostname,
- unsigned int port,
- void *cookie)
+void tids_sweep_procs(TIDS_INSTANCE *tids)
{
- int listen = -1;
- int conn = -1;
+ guint ii;
pid_t pid;
+ int status;
+
+ /* loop backwards over the array so we can remove elements as we go */
+ for (ii=tids->pids->len; ii > 0; ii--) {
+ /* ii-1 is the current index */
+ pid = g_array_index(tids->pids, pid_t, ii-1);
+ if (waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG) > 0) {
+ /* the process exited */
+ tr_debug("tids_sweep_procs: TID process %d terminated.", pid);
+
+ g_array_remove_index_fast(tids->pids, ii-1); /* disturbs only indices >= ii-1 which we've already handled */
+ if (WIFEXITED(status) && (WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0)) {
+ tr_debug("tids_sweep_procs: TID process %d succeeded.", pid);
+ tids->req_count++;
+ } else {
+ tids->error_count++;
+
+ if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
+ tr_debug("tids_sweep_procs: TID process %d exited with status %d.", pid, WTERMSIG(status));
+ } else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
+ tr_debug("tids_sweep_procs: TID process %d terminated by signal %d.", pid, WTERMSIG(status));
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
- tids->tids_port = port;
- if (0 > (listen = tids_listen(tids, port)))
- perror ("Error from tids_listen()");
+/* Process tids requests forever. Should not return except on error. */
+int tids_start (TIDS_INSTANCE *tids,
+ TIDS_REQ_FUNC *req_handler,
+ tids_auth_func *auth_handler,
+ const char *hostname,
+ unsigned int port,
+ void *cookie)
+{
+ int fd[TR_MAX_SOCKETS]={0};
+ nfds_t n_fd=0;
+ struct pollfd poll_fd[TR_MAX_SOCKETS]={{0}};
+ int ii=0;
- /* store the caller's request handler & cookie */
- tids->req_handler = req_handler;
- tids->auth_handler = auth_handler;
- tids->hostname = hostname;
- tids->cookie = cookie;
+ n_fd = tids_get_listener(tids, req_handler, auth_handler, hostname, port, cookie, fd, TR_MAX_SOCKETS);
+ if (n_fd <= 0) {
+ perror ("Error from tids_listen()");
+ return 1;
+ }
tr_info("Trust Path Query Server starting on host %s:%d.", hostname, port);
+ /* set up the poll structs */
+ for (ii=0; ii<n_fd; ii++) {
+ poll_fd[ii].fd=fd[ii];
+ poll_fd[ii].events=POLLIN;
+ }
+
while(1) { /* accept incoming conns until we are stopped */
+ /* clear out events from previous iteration */
+ for (ii=0; ii<n_fd; ii++)
+ poll_fd[ii].revents=0;
- if (0 > (conn = accept(listen, NULL, NULL))) {
- perror("Error from TIDS Server accept()");
+ /* wait indefinitely for a connection */
+ if (poll(poll_fd, n_fd, -1) < 0) {
+ perror("Error from poll()");
return 1;
}
- if (0 > (pid = fork())) {
- perror("Error on fork()");
- return 1;
- }
+ /* fork handlers for any sockets that have data */
+ for (ii=0; ii<n_fd; ii++) {
+ if (poll_fd[ii].revents == 0)
+ continue;
- if (pid == 0) {
- close(listen);
- tids_handle_connection(tids, conn);
- close(conn);
- exit(0); /* exit to kill forked child process */
- } else {
- close(conn);
- }
+ if ((poll_fd[ii].revents & POLLERR) || (poll_fd[ii].revents & POLLNVAL)) {
+ perror("Error polling fd");
+ continue;
+ }
- /* clean up any processes that have completed */
- while (waitpid(-1, 0, WNOHANG) > 0);
+ if (poll_fd[ii].revents & POLLIN) {
+ if (tids_accept(tids, poll_fd[ii].fd))
+ tr_err("tids_start: error in tids_accept().");
+ }
+ }
}
return 1; /* should never get here, loops "forever" */