#include "common/gas.h"
#include "common/wpa_ctrl.h"
#include "utils/pcsc_funcs.h"
+#include "utils/eloop.h"
#include "drivers/driver.h"
#include "eap_common/eap_defs.h"
#include "eap_peer/eap.h"
#endif
static void interworking_next_anqp_fetch(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s);
+static struct wpa_cred * interworking_credentials_available_realm(
+ struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s, struct wpa_bss *bss);
+static struct wpa_cred * interworking_credentials_available_3gpp(
+ struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s, struct wpa_bss *bss);
static void interworking_reconnect(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s)
wpa_s->disconnected = 0;
wpa_s->reassociate = 1;
- if (wpa_s->last_scan_res_used > 0) {
- struct os_time now;
- os_get_time(&now);
- if (now.sec - wpa_s->last_scan.sec <= 5) {
- wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Interworking: Old scan results "
- "are fresh - connect without new scan");
- if (wpas_select_network_from_last_scan(wpa_s) == 0)
- return;
- }
- }
+ if (wpa_supplicant_fast_associate(wpa_s) >= 0)
+ return;
wpa_supplicant_req_scan(wpa_s, 0, 0);
}
}
+static void interworking_continue_anqp(void *eloop_ctx, void *sock_ctx)
+{
+ struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s = eloop_ctx;
+ interworking_next_anqp_fetch(wpa_s);
+}
+
+
static int interworking_anqp_send_req(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
struct wpa_bss *bss)
{
wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Interworking: ANQP Query Request to " MACSTR,
MAC2STR(bss->bssid));
+ wpa_s->interworking_gas_bss = bss;
info_ids[num_info_ids++] = ANQP_CAPABILITY_LIST;
if (all) {
if (res < 0) {
wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "ANQP: Failed to send Query Request");
ret = -1;
+ eloop_register_timeout(0, 0, interworking_continue_anqp, wpa_s,
+ NULL);
} else
wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "ANQP: Query started with dialog token "
"%u", res);
return NULL;
}
wpa_hexdump_ascii(MSG_DEBUG, "NAI Realm", pos, realm_len);
- r->realm = os_malloc(realm_len + 1);
+ r->realm = dup_binstr(pos, realm_len);
if (r->realm == NULL)
return NULL;
- os_memcpy(r->realm, pos, realm_len);
- r->realm[realm_len] = '\0';
pos += realm_len;
if (pos + 1 > f_end) {
return 0;
}
- if (eap->method == EAP_TYPE_PEAP &&
- eap_get_name(EAP_VENDOR_IETF, eap->inner_method) == NULL)
- return 0;
+ if (eap->method == EAP_TYPE_PEAP) {
+ if (eap->inner_method &&
+ eap_get_name(EAP_VENDOR_IETF, eap->inner_method) == NULL)
+ return 0;
+ if (!eap->inner_method &&
+ eap_get_name(EAP_VENDOR_IETF, EAP_TYPE_MSCHAPV2) == NULL)
+ return 0;
+ }
if (eap->method == EAP_TYPE_TTLS) {
if (eap->inner_method == 0 && eap->inner_non_eap == 0)
- return 0;
+ return 1; /* Assume TTLS/MSCHAPv2 is used */
if (eap->inner_method &&
eap_get_name(EAP_VENDOR_IETF, eap->inner_method) == NULL)
return 0;
#endif /* INTERWORKING_3GPP */
-static int interworking_set_hs20_params(struct wpa_ssid *ssid)
+static int interworking_set_hs20_params(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
+ struct wpa_ssid *ssid)
{
- if (wpa_config_set(ssid, "key_mgmt", "WPA-EAP", 0) < 0)
+ if (wpa_config_set(ssid, "key_mgmt",
+ wpa_s->conf->pmf != NO_MGMT_FRAME_PROTECTION ?
+ "WPA-EAP WPA-EAP-SHA256" : "WPA-EAP", 0) < 0)
return -1;
if (wpa_config_set(ssid, "proto", "RSN", 0) < 0)
return -1;
static int interworking_connect_3gpp(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
+ struct wpa_cred *cred,
struct wpa_bss *bss)
{
#ifdef INTERWORKING_3GPP
- struct wpa_cred *cred;
struct wpa_ssid *ssid;
const u8 *ie;
+ int eap_type;
+ int res;
+ char prefix;
if (bss->anqp == NULL || bss->anqp->anqp_3gpp == NULL)
return -1;
- for (cred = wpa_s->conf->cred; cred; cred = cred->next) {
- char *sep;
- const char *imsi;
- int mnc_len;
-
-#ifdef PCSC_FUNCS
- if (cred->pcsc && wpa_s->conf->pcsc_reader && wpa_s->scard &&
- wpa_s->imsi[0]) {
- imsi = wpa_s->imsi;
- mnc_len = wpa_s->mnc_len;
- goto compare;
- }
-#endif /* PCSC_FUNCS */
-
- if (cred->imsi == NULL || !cred->imsi[0] ||
- cred->milenage == NULL || !cred->milenage[0])
- continue;
-
- sep = os_strchr(cred->imsi, '-');
- if (sep == NULL ||
- (sep - cred->imsi != 5 && sep - cred->imsi != 6))
- continue;
- mnc_len = sep - cred->imsi - 3;
- imsi = cred->imsi;
-
-#ifdef PCSC_FUNCS
- compare:
-#endif /* PCSC_FUNCS */
- if (plmn_id_match(bss->anqp->anqp_3gpp, imsi, mnc_len))
- break;
- }
- if (cred == NULL)
- return -1;
-
ie = wpa_bss_get_ie(bss, WLAN_EID_SSID);
if (ie == NULL)
return -1;
ssid = wpa_config_add_network(wpa_s->conf);
if (ssid == NULL)
return -1;
+ ssid->parent_cred = cred;
wpas_notify_network_added(wpa_s, ssid);
wpa_config_set_network_defaults(ssid);
os_memcpy(ssid->ssid, ie + 2, ie[1]);
ssid->ssid_len = ie[1];
- if (interworking_set_hs20_params(ssid) < 0)
+ if (interworking_set_hs20_params(wpa_s, ssid) < 0)
goto fail;
- /* TODO: figure out whether to use EAP-SIM, EAP-AKA, or EAP-AKA' */
- if (wpa_config_set(ssid, "eap", "SIM", 0) < 0) {
- wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "EAP-SIM not supported");
+ eap_type = EAP_TYPE_SIM;
+ if (cred->pcsc && wpa_s->scard && scard_supports_umts(wpa_s->scard))
+ eap_type = EAP_TYPE_AKA;
+ if (cred->eap_method && cred->eap_method[0].vendor == EAP_VENDOR_IETF) {
+ if (cred->eap_method[0].method == EAP_TYPE_SIM ||
+ cred->eap_method[0].method == EAP_TYPE_AKA ||
+ cred->eap_method[0].method == EAP_TYPE_AKA_PRIME)
+ eap_type = cred->eap_method[0].method;
+ }
+
+ switch (eap_type) {
+ case EAP_TYPE_SIM:
+ prefix = '1';
+ res = wpa_config_set(ssid, "eap", "SIM", 0);
+ break;
+ case EAP_TYPE_AKA:
+ prefix = '0';
+ res = wpa_config_set(ssid, "eap", "AKA", 0);
+ break;
+ case EAP_TYPE_AKA_PRIME:
+ prefix = '6';
+ res = wpa_config_set(ssid, "eap", "AKA'", 0);
+ break;
+ default:
+ res = -1;
+ break;
+ }
+ if (res < 0) {
+ wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Selected EAP method (%d) not supported",
+ eap_type);
goto fail;
}
- if (cred->pcsc && wpa_s->scard && scard_supports_umts(wpa_s->scard))
- wpa_config_set(ssid, "eap", "AKA", 0);
- if (!cred->pcsc && set_root_nai(ssid, cred->imsi, '1') < 0) {
+
+ if (!cred->pcsc && set_root_nai(ssid, cred->imsi, prefix) < 0) {
wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Failed to set Root NAI");
goto fail;
}
}
+static int cred_excluded_ssid(struct wpa_cred *cred, struct wpa_bss *bss)
+{
+ size_t i;
+
+ if (!cred->excluded_ssid)
+ return 0;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < cred->num_excluded_ssid; i++) {
+ struct excluded_ssid *e = &cred->excluded_ssid[i];
+ if (bss->ssid_len == e->ssid_len &&
+ os_memcmp(bss->ssid, e->ssid, e->ssid_len) == 0)
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
static struct wpa_cred * interworking_credentials_available_roaming_consortium(
struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s, struct wpa_bss *bss)
{
cred->roaming_consortium_len))
continue;
+ if (cred_excluded_ssid(cred, bss))
+ continue;
+
if (selected == NULL ||
selected->priority < cred->priority)
selected = cred;
wpa_config_set_quoted(ssid, "client_cert", cred->client_cert) < 0)
return -1;
+#ifdef ANDROID
+ if (cred->private_key &&
+ os_strncmp(cred->private_key, "keystore://", 11) == 0) {
+ /* Use OpenSSL engine configuration for Android keystore */
+ if (wpa_config_set_quoted(ssid, "engine_id", "keystore") < 0 ||
+ wpa_config_set_quoted(ssid, "key_id",
+ cred->private_key + 11) < 0 ||
+ wpa_config_set(ssid, "engine", "1", 0) < 0)
+ return -1;
+ } else
+#endif /* ANDROID */
if (cred->private_key && cred->private_key[0] &&
wpa_config_set_quoted(ssid, "private_key", cred->private_key) < 0)
return -1;
ssid = wpa_config_add_network(wpa_s->conf);
if (ssid == NULL)
return -1;
+ ssid->parent_cred = cred;
wpas_notify_network_added(wpa_s, ssid);
wpa_config_set_network_defaults(ssid);
ssid->priority = cred->priority;
os_memcpy(ssid->ssid, ssid_ie + 2, ssid_ie[1]);
ssid->ssid_len = ssid_ie[1];
- if (interworking_set_hs20_params(ssid) < 0)
+ if (interworking_set_hs20_params(wpa_s, ssid) < 0)
goto fail;
if (cred->eap_method == NULL) {
int interworking_connect(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s, struct wpa_bss *bss)
{
- struct wpa_cred *cred;
+ struct wpa_cred *cred, *cred_rc, *cred_3gpp;
struct wpa_ssid *ssid;
struct nai_realm *realm;
struct nai_realm_eap *eap = NULL;
return -1;
}
- cred = interworking_credentials_available_roaming_consortium(wpa_s,
- bss);
- if (cred)
- return interworking_connect_roaming_consortium(wpa_s, cred,
+ cred_rc = interworking_credentials_available_roaming_consortium(wpa_s,
+ bss);
+ if (cred_rc) {
+ wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Interworking: Highest roaming "
+ "consortium matching credential priority %d",
+ cred_rc->priority);
+ }
+
+ cred = interworking_credentials_available_realm(wpa_s, bss);
+ if (cred) {
+ wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Interworking: Highest NAI Realm list "
+ "matching credential priority %d",
+ cred->priority);
+ }
+
+ cred_3gpp = interworking_credentials_available_3gpp(wpa_s, bss);
+ if (cred_3gpp) {
+ wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Interworking: Highest 3GPP matching "
+ "credential priority %d", cred_3gpp->priority);
+ }
+
+ if (cred_rc &&
+ (cred == NULL || cred_rc->priority >= cred->priority) &&
+ (cred_3gpp == NULL || cred_rc->priority >= cred_3gpp->priority))
+ return interworking_connect_roaming_consortium(wpa_s, cred_rc,
bss, ie);
+ if (cred_3gpp &&
+ (cred == NULL || cred_3gpp->priority >= cred->priority)) {
+ return interworking_connect_3gpp(wpa_s, cred_3gpp, bss);
+ }
+
+ if (cred == NULL) {
+ wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Interworking: No matching credentials "
+ "found for " MACSTR, MAC2STR(bss->bssid));
+ return -1;
+ }
+
realm = nai_realm_parse(bss->anqp ? bss->anqp->nai_realm : NULL,
&count);
if (realm == NULL) {
wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Interworking: Could not parse NAI "
"Realm list from " MACSTR, MAC2STR(bss->bssid));
- count = 0;
+ return -1;
}
- for (cred = wpa_s->conf->cred; cred; cred = cred->next) {
- for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
- if (!nai_realm_match(&realm[i], cred->realm))
- continue;
- eap = nai_realm_find_eap(cred, &realm[i]);
- if (eap)
- break;
- }
+ for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+ if (!nai_realm_match(&realm[i], cred->realm))
+ continue;
+ eap = nai_realm_find_eap(cred, &realm[i]);
if (eap)
break;
}
if (!eap) {
- if (interworking_connect_3gpp(wpa_s, bss) == 0) {
- if (realm)
- nai_realm_free(realm, count);
- return 0;
- }
-
wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Interworking: No matching credentials "
"and EAP method found for " MACSTR,
MAC2STR(bss->bssid));
nai_realm_free(realm, count);
return -1;
}
+ ssid->parent_cred = cred;
wpas_notify_network_added(wpa_s, ssid);
wpa_config_set_network_defaults(ssid);
ssid->priority = cred->priority;
os_memcpy(ssid->ssid, ie + 2, ie[1]);
ssid->ssid_len = ie[1];
- if (interworking_set_hs20_params(ssid) < 0)
+ if (interworking_set_hs20_params(wpa_s, ssid) < 0)
goto fail;
if (wpa_config_set(ssid, "eap", eap_get_name(EAP_VENDOR_IETF,
0) < 0)
goto fail;
break;
+ default:
+ /* EAP params were not set - assume TTLS/MSCHAPv2 */
+ if (wpa_config_set(ssid, "phase2", "\"auth=MSCHAPV2\"",
+ 0) < 0)
+ goto fail;
+ break;
}
break;
case EAP_TYPE_PEAP:
os_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\"auth=%s\"",
- eap_get_name(EAP_VENDOR_IETF, eap->inner_method));
+ eap_get_name(EAP_VENDOR_IETF,
+ eap->inner_method ?
+ eap->inner_method :
+ EAP_TYPE_MSCHAPV2));
if (wpa_config_set(ssid, "phase2", buf, 0) < 0)
goto fail;
break;
static struct wpa_cred * interworking_credentials_available_3gpp(
struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s, struct wpa_bss *bss)
{
- struct wpa_cred *cred, *selected = NULL;
+ struct wpa_cred *selected = NULL;
+#ifdef INTERWORKING_3GPP
+ struct wpa_cred *cred;
int ret;
-#ifdef INTERWORKING_3GPP
if (bss->anqp == NULL || bss->anqp->anqp_3gpp == NULL)
return NULL;
goto compare;
}
#endif /* PCSC_FUNCS */
+#ifdef CONFIG_EAP_PROXY
+ if (cred->pcsc && wpa_s->mnc_len > 0 && wpa_s->imsi[0]) {
+ imsi = wpa_s->imsi;
+ mnc_len = wpa_s->mnc_len;
+ goto compare;
+ }
+#endif /* CONFIG_EAP_PROXY */
if (cred->imsi == NULL || !cred->imsi[0] ||
cred->milenage == NULL || !cred->milenage[0])
mnc_len = sep - cred->imsi - 3;
imsi = cred->imsi;
-#ifdef PCSC_FUNCS
+#if defined(PCSC_FUNCS) || defined(CONFIG_EAP_PROXY)
compare:
-#endif /* PCSC_FUNCS */
+#endif /* PCSC_FUNCS || CONFIG_EAP_PROXY */
wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Interworking: Parsing 3GPP info from "
MACSTR, MAC2STR(bss->bssid));
ret = plmn_id_match(bss->anqp->anqp_3gpp, imsi, mnc_len);
wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "PLMN match %sfound", ret ? "" : "not ");
if (ret) {
+ if (cred_excluded_ssid(cred, bss))
+ continue;
if (selected == NULL ||
selected->priority < cred->priority)
selected = cred;
if (!nai_realm_match(&realm[i], cred->realm))
continue;
if (nai_realm_find_eap(cred, &realm[i])) {
+ if (cred_excluded_ssid(cred, bss))
+ continue;
if (selected == NULL ||
selected->priority < cred->priority)
selected = cred;
}
-static int interworking_home_sp(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
- struct wpabuf *domain_names)
+int interworking_home_sp_cred(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
+ struct wpa_cred *cred,
+ struct wpabuf *domain_names)
{
- struct wpa_cred *cred;
#ifdef INTERWORKING_3GPP
char nai[100], *realm;
-#endif /* INTERWORKING_3GPP */
- if (domain_names == NULL || wpa_s->conf->cred == NULL)
- return -1;
-
- for (cred = wpa_s->conf->cred; cred; cred = cred->next) {
-#ifdef INTERWORKING_3GPP
- char *imsi = NULL;
- int mnc_len = 0;
- if (cred->imsi)
- imsi = cred->imsi;
+ char *imsi = NULL;
+ int mnc_len = 0;
+ if (cred->imsi)
+ imsi = cred->imsi;
#ifdef CONFIG_PCSC
- else if (cred->pcsc && wpa_s->conf->pcsc_reader &&
- wpa_s->scard && wpa_s->imsi[0]) {
- imsi = wpa_s->imsi;
- mnc_len = wpa_s->mnc_len;
- }
+ else if (cred->pcsc && wpa_s->conf->pcsc_reader &&
+ wpa_s->scard && wpa_s->imsi[0]) {
+ imsi = wpa_s->imsi;
+ mnc_len = wpa_s->mnc_len;
+ }
#endif /* CONFIG_PCSC */
- if (imsi && build_root_nai(nai, sizeof(nai), imsi, mnc_len, 0)
- == 0) {
- realm = os_strchr(nai, '@');
- if (realm)
- realm++;
- wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Interworking: Search for match "
- "with SIM/USIM domain %s", realm);
- if (realm &&
- domain_name_list_contains(domain_names, realm))
- return 1;
- }
+ if (domain_names &&
+ imsi && build_root_nai(nai, sizeof(nai), imsi, mnc_len, 0) == 0) {
+ realm = os_strchr(nai, '@');
+ if (realm)
+ realm++;
+ wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Interworking: Search for match "
+ "with SIM/USIM domain %s", realm);
+ if (realm &&
+ domain_name_list_contains(domain_names, realm))
+ return 1;
+ }
#endif /* INTERWORKING_3GPP */
- if (cred->domain == NULL)
- continue;
+ if (domain_names == NULL || cred->domain == NULL)
+ return 0;
- wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Interworking: Search for match with "
- "home SP FQDN %s", cred->domain);
- if (domain_name_list_contains(domain_names, cred->domain))
- return 1;
+ wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Interworking: Search for match with "
+ "home SP FQDN %s", cred->domain);
+ if (domain_name_list_contains(domain_names, cred->domain))
+ return 1;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int interworking_home_sp(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
+ struct wpabuf *domain_names)
+{
+ struct wpa_cred *cred;
+
+ if (domain_names == NULL || wpa_s->conf->cred == NULL)
+ return -1;
+
+ for (cred = wpa_s->conf->cred; cred; cred = cred->next) {
+ int res = interworking_home_sp_cred(wpa_s, cred, domain_names);
+ if (res)
+ return res;
}
return 0;
}
+static struct wpa_bss_anqp *
+interworking_match_anqp_info(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s, struct wpa_bss *bss)
+{
+ struct wpa_bss *other;
+
+ if (is_zero_ether_addr(bss->hessid))
+ return NULL; /* Cannot be in the same homegenous ESS */
+
+ dl_list_for_each(other, &wpa_s->bss, struct wpa_bss, list) {
+ if (other == bss)
+ continue;
+ if (other->anqp == NULL)
+ continue;
+ if (other->anqp->roaming_consortium == NULL &&
+ other->anqp->nai_realm == NULL &&
+ other->anqp->anqp_3gpp == NULL &&
+ other->anqp->domain_name == NULL)
+ continue;
+ if (!(other->flags & WPA_BSS_ANQP_FETCH_TRIED))
+ continue;
+ if (os_memcmp(bss->hessid, other->hessid, ETH_ALEN) != 0)
+ continue;
+ if (bss->ssid_len != other->ssid_len ||
+ os_memcmp(bss->ssid, other->ssid, bss->ssid_len) != 0)
+ continue;
+
+ wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Interworking: Share ANQP data with "
+ "already fetched BSSID " MACSTR " and " MACSTR,
+ MAC2STR(other->bssid), MAC2STR(bss->bssid));
+ other->anqp->users++;
+ return other->anqp;
+ }
+
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
static void interworking_next_anqp_fetch(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s)
{
struct wpa_bss *bss;
int found = 0;
const u8 *ie;
- if (!wpa_s->fetch_anqp_in_progress)
+ if (eloop_terminated() || !wpa_s->fetch_anqp_in_progress)
return;
dl_list_for_each(bss, &wpa_s->bss, struct wpa_bss, list) {
if (!(bss->flags & WPA_BSS_ANQP_FETCH_TRIED)) {
if (bss->anqp == NULL) {
+ bss->anqp = interworking_match_anqp_info(wpa_s,
+ bss);
+ if (bss->anqp) {
+ /* Shared data already fetched */
+ continue;
+ }
bss->anqp = wpa_bss_anqp_alloc();
if (bss->anqp == NULL)
break;
freq = wpa_s->assoc_freq;
bss = wpa_bss_get_bssid(wpa_s, dst);
- if (bss)
+ if (bss) {
+ wpa_bss_anqp_unshare_alloc(bss);
freq = bss->freq;
+ }
if (freq <= 0)
return -1;
static void interworking_parse_rx_anqp_resp(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
- const u8 *sa, u16 info_id,
+ struct wpa_bss *bss, const u8 *sa,
+ u16 info_id,
const u8 *data, size_t slen)
{
const u8 *pos = data;
- struct wpa_bss *bss = wpa_bss_get_bssid(wpa_s, sa);
struct wpa_bss_anqp *anqp = NULL;
#ifdef CONFIG_HS20
u8 type;
const u8 *end;
u16 info_id;
u16 slen;
+ struct wpa_bss *bss = NULL, *tmp;
if (result != GAS_QUERY_SUCCESS)
return;
return;
}
+ /*
+ * If possible, select the BSS entry based on which BSS entry was used
+ * for the request. This can help in cases where multiple BSS entries
+ * may exist for the same AP.
+ */
+ dl_list_for_each_reverse(tmp, &wpa_s->bss, struct wpa_bss, list) {
+ if (tmp == wpa_s->interworking_gas_bss &&
+ os_memcmp(tmp->bssid, dst, ETH_ALEN) == 0) {
+ bss = tmp;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ if (bss == NULL)
+ bss = wpa_bss_get_bssid(wpa_s, dst);
+
pos = wpabuf_head(resp);
end = pos + wpabuf_len(resp);
"for Info ID %u", info_id);
break;
}
- interworking_parse_rx_anqp_resp(wpa_s, dst, info_id, pos,
+ interworking_parse_rx_anqp_resp(wpa_s, bss, dst, info_id, pos,
slen);
pos += slen;
}
wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Interworking: Start scan for network "
"selection");
wpa_s->scan_res_handler = interworking_scan_res_handler;
- wpa_s->scan_req = 2;
+ wpa_s->scan_req = MANUAL_SCAN_REQ;
wpa_supplicant_req_scan(wpa_s, 0, 0);
return 0;