ssh-keygen.c

   1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.205 2011/01/11 06:13:10 djm Exp $ */
   2 /*
   3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
   4  * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
   5  *                    All rights reserved
   6  * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
   7  *
   8  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
   9  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
  10  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
  11  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
  12  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
  13  */
  14
  15 #include "includes.h"
  16
  17 #include <sys/types.h>
  18 #include <sys/socket.h>
  19 #include <sys/stat.h>
  20 #include <sys/param.h>
  21
  22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
  23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
  24 #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
  25
  26 #include <errno.h>
  27 #include <fcntl.h>
  28 #include <netdb.h>
  29 #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
  30 # include <paths.h>
  31 #endif
  32 #include <pwd.h>
  33 #include <stdarg.h>
  34 #include <stdio.h>
  35 #include <stdlib.h>
  36 #include <string.h>
  37 #include <unistd.h>
  38
  39 #include "xmalloc.h"
  40 #include "key.h"
  41 #include "rsa.h"
  42 #include "authfile.h"
  43 #include "uuencode.h"
  44 #include "buffer.h"
  45 #include "pathnames.h"
  46 #include "log.h"
  47 #include "misc.h"
  48 #include "match.h"
  49 #include "hostfile.h"
  50 #include "dns.h"
  51 #include "ssh2.h"
  52
  53 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
  54 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
  55 #endif
  56
  57 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key.  This value can be set on the command line. */
  58 #define DEFAULT_BITS            2048
  59 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA        1024
  60 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA      256
  61 u_int32_t bits = 0;
  62
  63 /*
  64  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase.  This can be
  65  * set on the command line.
  66  */
  67 int change_passphrase = 0;
  68
  69 /*
  70  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment.  This can be set
  71  * on the command line.
  72  */
  73 int change_comment = 0;
  74
  75 int quiet = 0;
  76
  77 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
  78
  79 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
  80 int hash_hosts = 0;
  81 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
  82 int find_host = 0;
  83 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
  84 int delete_host = 0;
  85
  86 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
  87 int show_cert = 0;
  88
  89 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
  90 int print_fingerprint = 0;
  91 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
  92
  93 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
  94 char identity_file[1024];
  95 int have_identity = 0;
  96
  97 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
  98 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
  99
 100 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
 101 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
 102
 103 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
 104 char *identity_comment = NULL;
 105
 106 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
 107 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
 108
 109 /* Certificate serial number */
 110 long long cert_serial = 0;
 111
 112 /* Key type when certifying */
 113 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
 114
 115 /* "key ID" of signed key */
 116 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
 117
 118 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
 119 char *cert_principals = NULL;
 120
 121 /* Validity period for certificates */
 122 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
 123 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
 124
 125 /* Certificate options */
 126 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD   (1)
 127 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD       (1<<1)
 128 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD        (1<<2)
 129 #define CERTOPT_PTY             (1<<3)
 130 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC (1<<4)
 131 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT (CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
 132                          CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
 133 u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
 134 char *certflags_command = NULL;
 135 char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
 136
 137 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
 138 int convert_to = 0;
 139 int convert_from = 0;
 140 enum {
 141         FMT_RFC4716,
 142         FMT_PKCS8,
 143         FMT_PEM
 144 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
 145 int print_public = 0;
 146 int print_generic = 0;
 147
 148 char *key_type_name = NULL;
 149
 150 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
 151 char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
 152
 153 /* argv0 */
 154 extern char *__progname;
 155
 156 char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
 157
 158 /* moduli.c */
 159 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
 160 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t);
 161
 162 static void
 163 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
 164 {
 165         char buf[1024];
 166         char *name = NULL;
 167
 168         if (key_type_name == NULL)
 169                 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
 170         else {
 171                 switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
 172                 case KEY_RSA1:
 173                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
 174                         break;
 175                 case KEY_DSA_CERT:
 176                 case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
 177                 case KEY_DSA:
 178                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
 179                         break;
 180 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 181                 case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
 182                 case KEY_ECDSA:
 183                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
 184                         break;
 185 #endif
 186                 case KEY_RSA_CERT:
 187                 case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
 188                 case KEY_RSA:
 189                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
 190                         break;
 191                 default:
 192                         fprintf(stderr, "bad key type\n");
 193                         exit(1);
 194                         break;
 195                 }
 196         }
 197         snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file), "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
 198         fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
 199         if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
 200                 exit(1);
 201         buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
 202         if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
 203                 strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
 204         have_identity = 1;
 205 }
 206
 207 static Key *
 208 load_identity(char *filename)
 209 {
 210         char *pass;
 211         Key *prv;
 212
 213         prv = key_load_private(filename, "", NULL);
 214         if (prv == NULL) {
 215                 if (identity_passphrase)
 216                         pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
 217                 else
 218                         pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
 219                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
 220                 prv = key_load_private(filename, pass, NULL);
 221                 memset(pass, 0, strlen(pass));
 222                 xfree(pass);
 223         }
 224         return prv;
 225 }
 226
 227 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN            "---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
 228 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END              "---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
 229 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN           "---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
 230 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC       0x3f6ff9eb
 231
 232 static void
 233 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key *k)
 234 {
 235         u_int len;
 236         u_char *blob;
 237         char comment[61];
 238
 239         if (key_to_blob(k, &blob, &len) <= 0) {
 240                 fprintf(stderr, "key_to_blob failed\n");
 241                 exit(1);
 242         }
 243         /* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
 244         snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
 245             "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
 246             key_size(k), key_type(k),
 247             pw->pw_name, hostname);
 248
 249         fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
 250         fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
 251         dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
 252         fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
 253         key_free(k);
 254         xfree(blob);
 255         exit(0);
 256 }
 257
 258 static void
 259 do_convert_to_pkcs8(Key *k)
 260 {
 261         switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
 262         case KEY_RSA:
 263                 if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
 264                         fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
 265                 break;
 266         case KEY_DSA:
 267                 if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
 268                         fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
 269                 break;
 270 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 271         case KEY_ECDSA:
 272                 if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
 273                         fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
 274                 break;
 275 #endif
 276         default:
 277                 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
 278         }
 279         exit(0);
 280 }
 281
 282 static void
 283 do_convert_to_pem(Key *k)
 284 {
 285         switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
 286         case KEY_RSA:
 287                 if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
 288                         fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
 289                 break;
 290 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
 291         case KEY_DSA:
 292                 if (!PEM_write_DSAPublicKey(stdout, k->dsa))
 293                         fatal("PEM_write_DSAPublicKey failed");
 294                 break;
 295 #endif
 296         /* XXX ECDSA? */
 297         default:
 298                 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
 299         }
 300         exit(0);
 301 }
 302
 303 static void
 304 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
 305 {
 306         Key *k;
 307         struct stat st;
 308
 309         if (!have_identity)
 310                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 311         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
 312                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 313         if ((k = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL) {
 314                 if ((k = load_identity(identity_file)) == NULL) {
 315                         fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
 316                         exit(1);
 317                 }
 318         }
 319         if (k->type == KEY_RSA1) {
 320                 fprintf(stderr, "version 1 keys are not supported\n");
 321                 exit(1);
 322         }
 323
 324         switch (convert_format) {
 325         case FMT_RFC4716:
 326                 do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
 327                 break;
 328         case FMT_PKCS8:
 329                 do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
 330                 break;
 331         case FMT_PEM:
 332                 do_convert_to_pem(k);
 333                 break;
 334         default:
 335                 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
 336         }
 337         exit(0);
 338 }
 339
 340 static void
 341 buffer_get_bignum_bits(Buffer *b, BIGNUM *value)
 342 {
 343         u_int bignum_bits = buffer_get_int(b);
 344         u_int bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
 345
 346         if (buffer_len(b) < bytes)
 347                 fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: input buffer too small: "
 348                     "need %d have %d", bytes, buffer_len(b));
 349         if (BN_bin2bn(buffer_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
 350                 fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: BN_bin2bn failed");
 351         buffer_consume(b, bytes);
 352 }
 353
 354 static Key *
 355 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
 356 {
 357         Buffer b;
 358         Key *key = NULL;
 359         char *type, *cipher;
 360         u_char *sig, data[] = "abcde12345";
 361         int magic, rlen, ktype, i1, i2, i3, i4;
 362         u_int slen;
 363         u_long e;
 364
 365         buffer_init(&b);
 366         buffer_append(&b, blob, blen);
 367
 368         magic = buffer_get_int(&b);
 369         if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
 370                 error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
 371                 buffer_free(&b);
 372                 return NULL;
 373         }
 374         i1 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 375         type   = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
 376         cipher = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
 377         i2 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 378         i3 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 379         i4 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 380         debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
 381         if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
 382                 error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
 383                 xfree(cipher);
 384                 buffer_free(&b);
 385                 xfree(type);
 386                 return NULL;
 387         }
 388         xfree(cipher);
 389
 390         if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
 391                 ktype = KEY_DSA;
 392         } else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
 393                 ktype = KEY_RSA;
 394         } else {
 395                 buffer_free(&b);
 396                 xfree(type);
 397                 return NULL;
 398         }
 399         key = key_new_private(ktype);
 400         xfree(type);
 401
 402         switch (key->type) {
 403         case KEY_DSA:
 404                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->p);
 405                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->g);
 406                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->q);
 407                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->pub_key);
 408                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->priv_key);
 409                 break;
 410         case KEY_RSA:
 411                 e = buffer_get_char(&b);
 412                 debug("e %lx", e);
 413                 if (e < 30) {
 414                         e <<= 8;
 415                         e += buffer_get_char(&b);
 416                         debug("e %lx", e);
 417                         e <<= 8;
 418                         e += buffer_get_char(&b);
 419                         debug("e %lx", e);
 420                 }
 421                 if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
 422                         buffer_free(&b);
 423                         key_free(key);
 424                         return NULL;
 425                 }
 426                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->d);
 427                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->n);
 428                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->iqmp);
 429                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->q);
 430                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->p);
 431                 rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa);
 432                 break;
 433         }
 434         rlen = buffer_len(&b);
 435         if (rlen != 0)
 436                 error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
 437                     "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
 438         buffer_free(&b);
 439
 440         /* try the key */
 441         key_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data));
 442         key_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data));
 443         xfree(sig);
 444         return key;
 445 }
 446
 447 static int
 448 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
 449 {
 450         int c;
 451         size_t pos = 0;
 452
 453         line[0] = '\0';
 454         while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
 455                 if (pos >= len - 1) {
 456                         fprintf(stderr, "input line too long.\n");
 457                         exit(1);
 458                 }
 459                 switch (c) {
 460                 case '\r':
 461                         c = fgetc(fp);
 462                         if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF) {
 463                                 fprintf(stderr, "unget: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 464                                 exit(1);
 465                         }
 466                         return pos;
 467                 case '\n':
 468                         return pos;
 469                 }
 470                 line[pos++] = c;
 471                 line[pos] = '\0';
 472         }
 473         /* We reached EOF */
 474         return -1;
 475 }
 476
 477 static void
 478 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key **k, int *private)
 479 {
 480         int blen;
 481         u_int len;
 482         char line[1024];
 483         u_char blob[8096];
 484         char encoded[8096];
 485         int escaped = 0;
 486         FILE *fp;
 487
 488         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 489                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 490         encoded[0] = '\0';
 491         while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
 492                 if (line[blen - 1] == '\\')
 493                         escaped++;
 494                 if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
 495                     strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
 496                         if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
 497                                 *private = 1;
 498                         if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
 499                                 break;
 500                         }
 501                         /* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
 502                         continue;
 503                 }
 504                 if (escaped) {
 505                         escaped--;
 506                         /* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
 507                         continue;
 508                 }
 509                 strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
 510         }
 511         len = strlen(encoded);
 512         if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
 513             (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
 514             (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
 515             (encoded[len-3] == '='))
 516                 encoded[len-3] = '\0';
 517         blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
 518         if (blen < 0) {
 519                 fprintf(stderr, "uudecode failed.\n");
 520                 exit(1);
 521         }
 522         *k = *private ?
 523             do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen) :
 524             key_from_blob(blob, blen);
 525         if (*k == NULL) {
 526                 fprintf(stderr, "decode blob failed.\n");
 527                 exit(1);
 528         }
 529         fclose(fp);
 530 }
 531
 532 static void
 533 do_convert_from_pkcs8(Key **k, int *private)
 534 {
 535         EVP_PKEY *pubkey;
 536         FILE *fp;
 537
 538         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 539                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 540         if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
 541                 fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
 542                     identity_file);
 543         }
 544         fclose(fp);
 545         switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
 546         case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
 547                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 548                 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
 549                 (*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
 550                 break;
 551         case EVP_PKEY_DSA:
 552                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 553                 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
 554                 (*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
 555                 break;
 556 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 557         case EVP_PKEY_EC:
 558                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 559                 (*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
 560                 (*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
 561                 (*k)->ecdsa_nid = key_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
 562                 break;
 563 #endif
 564         default:
 565                 fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
 566                     EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
 567         }
 568         EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
 569         return;
 570 }
 571
 572 static void
 573 do_convert_from_pem(Key **k, int *private)
 574 {
 575         FILE *fp;
 576         RSA *rsa;
 577 #ifdef notyet
 578         DSA *dsa;
 579 #endif
 580
 581         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 582                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 583         if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
 584                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 585                 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
 586                 (*k)->rsa = rsa;
 587                 fclose(fp);
 588                 return;
 589         }
 590 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
 591         rewind(fp);
 592         if ((dsa = PEM_read_DSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
 593                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 594                 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
 595                 (*k)->dsa = dsa;
 596                 fclose(fp);
 597                 return;
 598         }
 599         /* XXX ECDSA */
 600 #endif
 601         fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
 602 }
 603
 604 static void
 605 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
 606 {
 607         Key *k = NULL;
 608         int private = 0, ok = 0;
 609         struct stat st;
 610
 611         if (!have_identity)
 612                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 613         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
 614                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 615
 616         switch (convert_format) {
 617         case FMT_RFC4716:
 618                 do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
 619                 break;
 620         case FMT_PKCS8:
 621                 do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
 622                 break;
 623         case FMT_PEM:
 624                 do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
 625                 break;
 626         default:
 627                 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
 628         }
 629
 630         if (!private)
 631                 ok = key_write(k, stdout);
 632                 if (ok)
 633                         fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 634         else {
 635                 switch (k->type) {
 636                 case KEY_DSA:
 637                         ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
 638                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 639                         break;
 640 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 641                 case KEY_ECDSA:
 642                         ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
 643                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 644                         break;
 645 #endif
 646                 case KEY_RSA:
 647                         ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
 648                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 649                         break;
 650                 default:
 651                         fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
 652                             key_type(k));
 653                 }
 654         }
 655
 656         if (!ok) {
 657                 fprintf(stderr, "key write failed\n");
 658                 exit(1);
 659         }
 660         key_free(k);
 661         exit(0);
 662 }
 663
 664 static void
 665 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
 666 {
 667         Key *prv;
 668         struct stat st;
 669
 670         if (!have_identity)
 671                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 672         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
 673                 perror(identity_file);
 674                 exit(1);
 675         }
 676         prv = load_identity(identity_file);
 677         if (prv == NULL) {
 678                 fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
 679                 exit(1);
 680         }
 681         if (!key_write(prv, stdout))
 682                 fprintf(stderr, "key_write failed");
 683         key_free(prv);
 684         fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 685         exit(0);
 686 }
 687
 688 static void
 689 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
 690 {
 691 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
 692         Key **keys = NULL;
 693         int i, nkeys;
 694
 695         pkcs11_init(0);
 696         nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
 697         if (nkeys <= 0)
 698                 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
 699         for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
 700                 key_write(keys[i], stdout);
 701                 key_free(keys[i]);
 702                 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 703         }
 704         xfree(keys);
 705         pkcs11_terminate();
 706         exit(0);
 707 #else
 708         fatal("no pkcs11 support");
 709 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
 710 }
 711
 712 static void
 713 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
 714 {
 715         FILE *f;
 716         Key *public;
 717         char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[16*1024], *fp, *ra;
 718         int i, skip = 0, num = 0, invalid = 1;
 719         enum fp_rep rep;
 720         enum fp_type fptype;
 721         struct stat st;
 722
 723         fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
 724         rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
 725
 726         if (!have_identity)
 727                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 728         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
 729                 perror(identity_file);
 730                 exit(1);
 731         }
 732         public = key_load_public(identity_file, &comment);
 733         if (public != NULL) {
 734                 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
 735                 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 736                 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, comment,
 737                     key_type(public));
 738                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 739                         printf("%s\n", ra);
 740                 key_free(public);
 741                 xfree(comment);
 742                 xfree(ra);
 743                 xfree(fp);
 744                 exit(0);
 745         }
 746         if (comment) {
 747                 xfree(comment);
 748                 comment = NULL;
 749         }
 750
 751         if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 752                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 753
 754         while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
 755                 if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
 756                         error("line %d too long: %.40s...",
 757                             num + 1, line);
 758                         skip = 1;
 759                         continue;
 760                 }
 761                 num++;
 762                 if (skip) {
 763                         skip = 0;
 764                         continue;
 765                 }
 766                 *cp = '\0';
 767
 768                 /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
 769                 for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
 770                         ;
 771                 if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#')
 772                         continue;
 773                 i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
 774                 if (i == 0 || ep == NULL || (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
 775                         int quoted = 0;
 776                         comment = cp;
 777                         for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
 778                             *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
 779                                 if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
 780                                         cp++;   /* Skip both */
 781                                 else if (*cp == '"')
 782                                         quoted = !quoted;
 783                         }
 784                         if (!*cp)
 785                                 continue;
 786                         *cp++ = '\0';
 787                 }
 788                 ep = cp;
 789                 public = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
 790                 if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
 791                         cp = ep;
 792                         key_free(public);
 793                         public = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 794                         if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
 795                                 key_free(public);
 796                                 continue;
 797                         }
 798                 }
 799                 comment = *cp ? cp : comment;
 800                 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
 801                 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 802                 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp,
 803                     comment ? comment : "no comment", key_type(public));
 804                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 805                         printf("%s\n", ra);
 806                 xfree(ra);
 807                 xfree(fp);
 808                 key_free(public);
 809                 invalid = 0;
 810         }
 811         fclose(f);
 812
 813         if (invalid) {
 814                 printf("%s is not a public key file.\n", identity_file);
 815                 exit(1);
 816         }
 817         exit(0);
 818 }
 819
 820 static void
 821 printhost(FILE *f, const char *name, Key *public, int ca, int hash)
 822 {
 823         if (print_fingerprint) {
 824                 enum fp_rep rep;
 825                 enum fp_type fptype;
 826                 char *fp, *ra;
 827
 828                 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
 829                 rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
 830                 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
 831                 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 832                 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, name,
 833                     key_type(public));
 834                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 835                         printf("%s\n", ra);
 836                 xfree(ra);
 837                 xfree(fp);
 838         } else {
 839                 if (hash && (name = host_hash(name, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
 840                         fatal("hash_host failed");
 841                 fprintf(f, "%s%s%s ", ca ? CA_MARKER : "", ca ? " " : "", name);
 842                 if (!key_write(public, f))
 843                         fatal("key_write failed");
 844                 fprintf(f, "\n");
 845         }
 846 }
 847
 848 static void
 849 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
 850 {
 851         FILE *in, *out = stdout;
 852         Key *pub;
 853         char *cp, *cp2, *kp, *kp2;
 854         char line[16*1024], tmp[MAXPATHLEN], old[MAXPATHLEN];
 855         int c, skip = 0, inplace = 0, num = 0, invalid = 0, has_unhashed = 0;
 856         int ca;
 857
 858         if (!have_identity) {
 859                 cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
 860                 if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
 861                     sizeof(identity_file))
 862                         fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
 863                 xfree(cp);
 864                 have_identity = 1;
 865         }
 866         if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 867                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 868
 869         /*
 870          * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
 871          * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
 872          */
 873         if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
 874                 if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
 875                     strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
 876                     strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
 877                     strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
 878                         fatal("known_hosts path too long");
 879                 umask(077);
 880                 if ((c = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
 881                         fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
 882                 if ((out = fdopen(c, "w")) == NULL) {
 883                         c = errno;
 884                         unlink(tmp);
 885                         fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(c));
 886                 }
 887                 inplace = 1;
 888         }
 889
 890         while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), in)) {
 891                 if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
 892                         error("line %d too long: %.40s...", num + 1, line);
 893                         skip = 1;
 894                         invalid = 1;
 895                         continue;
 896                 }
 897                 num++;
 898                 if (skip) {
 899                         skip = 0;
 900                         continue;
 901                 }
 902                 *cp = '\0';
 903
 904                 /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
 905                 for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
 906                         ;
 907                 if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#') {
 908                         if (inplace)
 909                                 fprintf(out, "%s\n", cp);
 910                         continue;
 911                 }
 912                 /* Check whether this is a CA key */
 913                 if (strncasecmp(cp, CA_MARKER, sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1) == 0 &&
 914                     (cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == ' ' ||
 915                     cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == '\t')) {
 916                         ca = 1;
 917                         cp += sizeof(CA_MARKER);
 918                 } else
 919                         ca = 0;
 920
 921                 /* Find the end of the host name portion. */
 922                 for (kp = cp; *kp && *kp != ' ' && *kp != '\t'; kp++)
 923                         ;
 924
 925                 if (*kp == '\0' || *(kp + 1) == '\0') {
 926                         error("line %d missing key: %.40s...",
 927                             num, line);
 928                         invalid = 1;
 929                         continue;
 930                 }
 931                 *kp++ = '\0';
 932                 kp2 = kp;
 933
 934                 pub = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
 935                 if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
 936                         kp = kp2;
 937                         key_free(pub);
 938                         pub = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 939                         if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
 940                                 error("line %d invalid key: %.40s...",
 941                                     num, line);
 942                                 key_free(pub);
 943                                 invalid = 1;
 944                                 continue;
 945                         }
 946                 }
 947
 948                 if (*cp == HASH_DELIM) {
 949                         if (find_host || delete_host) {
 950                                 cp2 = host_hash(name, cp, strlen(cp));
 951                                 if (cp2 == NULL) {
 952                                         error("line %d: invalid hashed "
 953                                             "name: %.64s...", num, line);
 954                                         invalid = 1;
 955                                         continue;
 956                                 }
 957                                 c = (strcmp(cp2, cp) == 0);
 958                                 if (find_host && c) {
 959                                         printf("# Host %s found: "
 960                                             "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
 961                                             num, key_type(pub),
 962                                             ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
 963                                         printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
 964                                 }
 965                                 if (delete_host && !c && !ca)
 966                                         printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
 967                         } else if (hash_hosts)
 968                                 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
 969                 } else {
 970                         if (find_host || delete_host) {
 971                                 c = (match_hostname(name, cp,
 972                                     strlen(cp)) == 1);
 973                                 if (find_host && c) {
 974                                         printf("# Host %s found: "
 975                                             "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
 976                                             num, key_type(pub),
 977                                             ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
 978                                         printhost(out, name, pub,
 979                                             ca, hash_hosts && !ca);
 980                                 }
 981                                 if (delete_host && !c && !ca)
 982                                         printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
 983                         } else if (hash_hosts) {
 984                                 for (cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",");
 985                                     cp2 != NULL && *cp2 != '\0';
 986                                     cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",")) {
 987                                         if (ca) {
 988                                                 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
 989                                                     "ignoring CA key for host: "
 990                                                     "%.64s\n", cp2);
 991                                                 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
 992                                         } else if (strcspn(cp2, "*?!") !=
 993                                             strlen(cp2)) {
 994                                                 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
 995                                                     "ignoring host name with "
 996                                                     "metacharacters: %.64s\n",
 997                                                     cp2);
 998                                                 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
 999                                         } else
1000                                                 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 1);
1001                                 }
1002                                 has_unhashed = 1;
1003                         }
1004                 }
1005                 key_free(pub);
1006         }
1007         fclose(in);
1008
1009         if (invalid) {
1010                 fprintf(stderr, "%s is not a valid known_hosts file.\n",
1011                     identity_file);
1012                 if (inplace) {
1013                         fprintf(stderr, "Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1014                             "file because of errors\n");
1015                         fclose(out);
1016                         unlink(tmp);
1017                 }
1018                 exit(1);
1019         }
1020
1021         if (inplace) {
1022                 fclose(out);
1023
1024                 /* Backup existing file */
1025                 if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1026                         fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1027                 if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1028                         fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1029                             strerror(errno));
1030                 /* Move new one into place */
1031                 if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1032                         error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1033                             strerror(errno));
1034                         unlink(tmp);
1035                         unlink(old);
1036                         exit(1);
1037                 }
1038
1039                 fprintf(stderr, "%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1040                 fprintf(stderr, "Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1041                 if (has_unhashed) {
1042                         fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: %s contains unhashed "
1043                             "entries\n", old);
1044                         fprintf(stderr, "Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1045                             "of hostnames\n");
1046                 }
1047         }
1048
1049         exit(0);
1050 }
1051
1052 /*
1053  * Perform changing a passphrase.  The argument is the passwd structure
1054  * for the current user.
1055  */
1056 static void
1057 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1058 {
1059         char *comment;
1060         char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1061         struct stat st;
1062         Key *private;
1063
1064         if (!have_identity)
1065                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1066         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1067                 perror(identity_file);
1068                 exit(1);
1069         }
1070         /* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1071         private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1072         if (private == NULL) {
1073                 if (identity_passphrase)
1074                         old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1075                 else
1076                         old_passphrase =
1077                             read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1078                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1079                 private = key_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1080                     &comment);
1081                 memset(old_passphrase, 0, strlen(old_passphrase));
1082                 xfree(old_passphrase);
1083                 if (private == NULL) {
1084                         printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1085                         exit(1);
1086                 }
1087         }
1088         printf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1089
1090         /* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1091         if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1092                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1093                 passphrase2 = NULL;
1094         } else {
1095                 passphrase1 =
1096                         read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1097                             "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1098                 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1099                     RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1100
1101                 /* Verify that they are the same. */
1102                 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1103                         memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1104                         memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1105                         xfree(passphrase1);
1106                         xfree(passphrase2);
1107                         printf("Pass phrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
1108                         exit(1);
1109                 }
1110                 /* Destroy the other copy. */
1111                 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1112                 xfree(passphrase2);
1113         }
1114
1115         /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1116         if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
1117                 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1118                 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1119                 xfree(passphrase1);
1120                 key_free(private);
1121                 xfree(comment);
1122                 exit(1);
1123         }
1124         /* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1125         memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1126         xfree(passphrase1);
1127         key_free(private);               /* Destroys contents */
1128         xfree(comment);
1129
1130         printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1131         exit(0);
1132 }
1133
1134 /*
1135  * Print the SSHFP RR.
1136  */
1137 static int
1138 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
1139 {
1140         Key *public;
1141         char *comment = NULL;
1142         struct stat st;
1143
1144         if (fname == NULL)
1145                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1146         if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
1147                 if (errno == ENOENT)
1148                         return 0;
1149                 perror(fname);
1150                 exit(1);
1151         }
1152         public = key_load_public(fname, &comment);
1153         if (public != NULL) {
1154                 export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1155                 key_free(public);
1156                 xfree(comment);
1157                 return 1;
1158         }
1159         if (comment)
1160                 xfree(comment);
1161
1162         printf("failed to read v2 public key from %s.\n", fname);
1163         exit(1);
1164 }
1165
1166 /*
1167  * Change the comment of a private key file.
1168  */
1169 static void
1170 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
1171 {
1172         char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1173         Key *private;
1174         Key *public;
1175         struct stat st;
1176         FILE *f;
1177         int fd;
1178
1179         if (!have_identity)
1180                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1181         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1182                 perror(identity_file);
1183                 exit(1);
1184         }
1185         private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1186         if (private == NULL) {
1187                 if (identity_passphrase)
1188                         passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1189                 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1190                         passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1191                 else
1192                         passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1193                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1194                 /* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1195                 private = key_load_private(identity_file, passphrase, &comment);
1196                 if (private == NULL) {
1197                         memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1198                         xfree(passphrase);
1199                         printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1200                         exit(1);
1201                 }
1202         } else {
1203                 passphrase = xstrdup("");
1204         }
1205         if (private->type != KEY_RSA1) {
1206                 fprintf(stderr, "Comments are only supported for RSA1 keys.\n");
1207                 key_free(private);
1208                 exit(1);
1209         }
1210         printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1211
1212         if (identity_comment) {
1213                 strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1214         } else {
1215                 printf("Enter new comment: ");
1216                 fflush(stdout);
1217                 if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1218                         memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1219                         key_free(private);
1220                         exit(1);
1221                 }
1222                 new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1223         }
1224
1225         /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1226         if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase, new_comment)) {
1227                 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1228                 memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1229                 xfree(passphrase);
1230                 key_free(private);
1231                 xfree(comment);
1232                 exit(1);
1233         }
1234         memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1235         xfree(passphrase);
1236         public = key_from_private(private);
1237         key_free(private);
1238
1239         strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1240         fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1241         if (fd == -1) {
1242                 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
1243                 exit(1);
1244         }
1245         f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1246         if (f == NULL) {
1247                 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
1248                 exit(1);
1249         }
1250         if (!key_write(public, f))
1251                 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
1252         key_free(public);
1253         fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1254         fclose(f);
1255
1256         xfree(comment);
1257
1258         printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1259         exit(0);
1260 }
1261
1262 static const char *
1263 fmt_validity(u_int64_t valid_from, u_int64_t valid_to)
1264 {
1265         char from[32], to[32];
1266         static char ret[64];
1267         time_t tt;
1268         struct tm *tm;
1269
1270         *from = *to = '\0';
1271         if (valid_from == 0 && valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
1272                 return "forever";
1273
1274         if (valid_from != 0) {
1275                 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1276                 tt = valid_from > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_from;
1277                 tm = localtime(&tt);
1278                 strftime(from, sizeof(from), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1279         }
1280         if (valid_to != 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1281                 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1282                 tt = valid_to > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_to;
1283                 tm = localtime(&tt);
1284                 strftime(to, sizeof(to), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1285         }
1286
1287         if (valid_from == 0) {
1288                 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "before %s", to);
1289                 return ret;
1290         }
1291         if (valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1292                 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "after %s", from);
1293                 return ret;
1294         }
1295
1296         snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "from %s to %s", from, to);
1297         return ret;
1298 }
1299
1300 static void
1301 add_flag_option(Buffer *c, const char *name)
1302 {
1303         debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1304         buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1305         buffer_put_string(c, NULL, 0);
1306 }
1307
1308 static void
1309 add_string_option(Buffer *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1310 {
1311         Buffer b;
1312
1313         debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1314         buffer_init(&b);
1315         buffer_put_cstring(&b, value);
1316
1317         buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1318         buffer_put_string(c, buffer_ptr(&b), buffer_len(&b));
1319
1320         buffer_free(&b);
1321 }
1322
1323 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL        1
1324 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS      2
1325 static void
1326 prepare_options_buf(Buffer *c, int which)
1327 {
1328         buffer_clear(c);
1329         if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1330             certflags_command != NULL)
1331                 add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1332         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1333             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1334                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1335         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1336             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1337                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1338         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1339             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1340                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1341         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1342             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1343                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1344         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1345             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1346                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1347         if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1348             certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1349                 add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1350 }
1351
1352 static Key *
1353 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1354 {
1355 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1356         Key **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1357         int i, nkeys;
1358
1359         if ((public = key_load_public(path, NULL)) == NULL)
1360                 fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\"", path);
1361
1362         nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
1363         debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1364         if (nkeys <= 0)
1365                 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1366         for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1367                 if (key_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1368                         private = keys[i];
1369                         continue;
1370                 }
1371                 key_free(keys[i]);
1372         }
1373         xfree(keys);
1374         key_free(public);
1375         return private;
1376 #else
1377         fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1378 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1379 }
1380
1381 static void
1382 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1383 {
1384         int i, fd;
1385         u_int n;
1386         Key *ca, *public;
1387         char *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1388         FILE *f;
1389         int v00 = 0; /* legacy keys */
1390
1391         if (key_type_name != NULL) {
1392                 switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
1393                 case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
1394                 case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
1395                         v00 = 1;
1396                         break;
1397                 case KEY_UNSPEC:
1398                         if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v00") == 0) {
1399                                 v00 = 1;
1400                                 break;
1401                         } else if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v01") == 0)
1402                                 break;
1403                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
1404                 default:
1405                         fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
1406                         exit(1);
1407                 }
1408         }
1409
1410         pkcs11_init(1);
1411         tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1412         if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1413                 if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1414                         fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1415         } else if ((ca = load_identity(tmp)) == NULL)
1416                 fatal("Couldn't load CA key \"%s\"", tmp);
1417         xfree(tmp);
1418
1419         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1420                 /* Split list of principals */
1421                 n = 0;
1422                 if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1423                         otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1424                         plist = NULL;
1425                         for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1426                                 plist = xrealloc(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1427                                 if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1428                                         fatal("Empty principal name");
1429                         }
1430                         xfree(otmp);
1431                 }
1432
1433                 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1434                 if ((public = key_load_public(tmp, &comment)) == NULL)
1435                         fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\"", __func__, tmp);
1436                 if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA &&
1437                     public->type != KEY_ECDSA)
1438                         fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1439                             __func__, tmp, key_type(public));
1440
1441                 /* Prepare certificate to sign */
1442                 if (key_to_certified(public, v00) != 0)
1443                         fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate", tmp);
1444                 public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1445                 public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1446                 public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1447                 public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1448                 public->cert->principals = plist;
1449                 public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1450                 public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1451                 if (v00) {
1452                         prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1453                             OPTIONS_CRITICAL|OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1454                 } else {
1455                         prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1456                             OPTIONS_CRITICAL);
1457                         prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->extensions,
1458                             OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1459                 }
1460                 public->cert->signature_key = key_from_private(ca);
1461
1462                 if (key_certify(public, ca) != 0)
1463                         fatal("Couldn't not certify key %s", tmp);
1464
1465                 if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1466                         *cp = '\0';
1467                 xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1468                 xfree(tmp);
1469
1470                 if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1471                         fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1472                             strerror(errno));
1473                 if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1474                         fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1475                 if (!key_write(public, f))
1476                         fatal("Could not write certified key to %s", out);
1477                 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1478                 fclose(f);
1479
1480                 if (!quiet) {
1481                         logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1482                             "valid %s", key_cert_type(public),
1483                             out, public->cert->key_id,
1484                             (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1485                             cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1486                             cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1487                             fmt_validity(cert_valid_from, cert_valid_to));
1488                 }
1489
1490                 key_free(public);
1491                 xfree(out);
1492         }
1493         pkcs11_terminate();
1494         exit(0);
1495 }
1496
1497 static u_int64_t
1498 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1499 {
1500         int64_t mul, secs;
1501
1502         mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1503
1504         if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1505                 fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1506         if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1507                 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1508         return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1509 }
1510
1511 static u_int64_t
1512 parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
1513 {
1514         struct tm tm;
1515         time_t tt;
1516         char buf[32], *fmt;
1517
1518         /*
1519          * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1520          * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1521          * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1522          */
1523         switch (strlen(s)) {
1524         case 8:
1525                 fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
1526                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1527                 break;
1528         case 14:
1529                 fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1530                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1531                     s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1532                 break;
1533         default:
1534                 fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
1535         }
1536
1537         bzero(&tm, sizeof(tm));
1538         if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
1539                 fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
1540         if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
1541                 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1542         return (u_int64_t)tt;
1543 }
1544
1545 static void
1546 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1547 {
1548         char *from, *to;
1549         time_t now = time(NULL);
1550         int64_t secs;
1551
1552         /* +timespec relative to now */
1553         if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1554                 if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1555                         fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1556                 cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1557                 /*
1558                  * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1559                  * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1560                  */
1561                 cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1562                 return;
1563         }
1564
1565         /*
1566          * from:to, where
1567          * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1568          *   to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1569          */
1570         from = xstrdup(timespec);
1571         to = strchr(from, ':');
1572         if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1573                 fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1574         *to++ = '\0';
1575
1576         if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1577                 cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1578         else
1579                 cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
1580
1581         if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1582                 cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, cert_valid_from);
1583         else
1584                 cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
1585
1586         if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1587                 fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1588         xfree(from);
1589 }
1590
1591 static void
1592 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1593 {
1594         char *val;
1595
1596         if (strcmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1597                 certflags_flags = 0;
1598         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1599                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1600         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1601                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1602         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1603                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1604         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1605                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1606         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1607                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1608         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1609                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1610         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1611                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1612         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1613                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1614         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1615                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1616         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1617                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1618         else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1619                 val = opt + 14;
1620                 if (*val == '\0')
1621                         fatal("Empty force-command option");
1622                 if (certflags_command != NULL)
1623                         fatal("force-command already specified");
1624                 certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1625         } else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1626                 val = opt + 15;
1627                 if (*val == '\0')
1628                         fatal("Empty source-address option");
1629                 if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1630                         fatal("source-address already specified");
1631                 if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1632                         fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1633                 certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1634         } else
1635                 fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1636 }
1637
1638 static void
1639 show_options(const Buffer *optbuf, int v00, int in_critical)
1640 {
1641         u_char *name, *data;
1642         u_int dlen;
1643         Buffer options, option;
1644
1645         buffer_init(&options);
1646         buffer_append(&options, buffer_ptr(optbuf), buffer_len(optbuf));
1647
1648         buffer_init(&option);
1649         while (buffer_len(&options) != 0) {
1650                 name = buffer_get_string(&options, NULL);
1651                 data = buffer_get_string_ptr(&options, &dlen);
1652                 buffer_append(&option, data, dlen);
1653                 printf("                %s", name);
1654                 if ((v00 || !in_critical) &&
1655                     (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1656                     strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1657                     strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1658                     strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1659                     strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
1660                         printf("\n");
1661                 else if ((v00 || in_critical) &&
1662                     (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1663                     strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
1664                         data = buffer_get_string(&option, NULL);
1665                         printf(" %s\n", data);
1666                         xfree(data);
1667                 } else {
1668                         printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %u)\n",
1669                             buffer_len(&option));
1670                         buffer_clear(&option);
1671                 }
1672                 xfree(name);
1673                 if (buffer_len(&option) != 0)
1674                         fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
1675         }
1676         buffer_free(&option);
1677         buffer_free(&options);
1678 }
1679
1680 static void
1681 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
1682 {
1683         Key *key;
1684         struct stat st;
1685         char *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1686         u_int i, v00;
1687
1688         if (!have_identity)
1689                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1690         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1691                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1692         if ((key = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL)
1693                 fatal("%s is not a public key", identity_file);
1694         if (!key_is_cert(key))
1695                 fatal("%s is not a certificate", identity_file);
1696         v00 = key->type == KEY_RSA_CERT_V00 || key->type == KEY_DSA_CERT_V00;
1697
1698         key_fp = key_fingerprint(key, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1699         ca_fp = key_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1700             SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1701
1702         printf("%s:\n", identity_file);
1703         printf("        Type: %s %s certificate\n", key_ssh_name(key),
1704             key_cert_type(key));
1705         printf("        Public key: %s %s\n", key_type(key), key_fp);
1706         printf("        Signing CA: %s %s\n",
1707             key_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1708         printf("        Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1709         if (!v00) {
1710                 printf("        Serial: %llu\n",
1711                     (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
1712         }
1713         printf("        Valid: %s\n",
1714             fmt_validity(key->cert->valid_after, key->cert->valid_before));
1715         printf("        Principals: ");
1716         if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1717                 printf("(none)\n");
1718         else {
1719                 for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1720                         printf("\n                %s",
1721                             key->cert->principals[i]);
1722                 printf("\n");
1723         }
1724         printf("        Critical Options: ");
1725         if (buffer_len(&key->cert->critical) == 0)
1726                 printf("(none)\n");
1727         else {
1728                 printf("\n");
1729                 show_options(&key->cert->critical, v00, 1);
1730         }
1731         if (!v00) {
1732                 printf("        Extensions: ");
1733                 if (buffer_len(&key->cert->extensions) == 0)
1734                         printf("(none)\n");
1735                 else {
1736                         printf("\n");
1737                         show_options(&key->cert->extensions, v00, 0);
1738                 }
1739         }
1740         exit(0);
1741 }
1742
1743 static void
1744 usage(void)
1745 {
1746         fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [options]\n", __progname);
1747         fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n");
1748         fprintf(stderr, "  -a trials   Number of trials for screening DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1749         fprintf(stderr, "  -B          Show bubblebabble digest of key file.\n");
1750         fprintf(stderr, "  -b bits     Number of bits in the key to create.\n");
1751         fprintf(stderr, "  -C comment  Provide new comment.\n");
1752         fprintf(stderr, "  -c          Change comment in private and public key files.\n");
1753 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1754         fprintf(stderr, "  -D pkcs11   Download public key from pkcs11 token.\n");
1755 #endif
1756         fprintf(stderr, "  -e          Export OpenSSH to foreign format key file.\n");
1757         fprintf(stderr, "  -F hostname Find hostname in known hosts file.\n");
1758         fprintf(stderr, "  -f filename Filename of the key file.\n");
1759         fprintf(stderr, "  -G file     Generate candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1760         fprintf(stderr, "  -g          Use generic DNS resource record format.\n");
1761         fprintf(stderr, "  -H          Hash names in known_hosts file.\n");
1762         fprintf(stderr, "  -h          Generate host certificate instead of a user certificate.\n");
1763         fprintf(stderr, "  -I key_id   Key identifier to include in certificate.\n");
1764         fprintf(stderr, "  -i          Import foreign format to OpenSSH key file.\n");
1765         fprintf(stderr, "  -L          Print the contents of a certificate.\n");
1766         fprintf(stderr, "  -l          Show fingerprint of key file.\n");
1767         fprintf(stderr, "  -M memory   Amount of memory (MB) to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1768         fprintf(stderr, "  -m key_fmt  Conversion format for -e/-i (PEM|PKCS8|RFC4716).\n");
1769         fprintf(stderr, "  -N phrase   Provide new passphrase.\n");
1770         fprintf(stderr, "  -n name,... User/host principal names to include in certificate\n");
1771         fprintf(stderr, "  -O option   Specify a certificate option.\n");
1772         fprintf(stderr, "  -P phrase   Provide old passphrase.\n");
1773         fprintf(stderr, "  -p          Change passphrase of private key file.\n");
1774         fprintf(stderr, "  -q          Quiet.\n");
1775         fprintf(stderr, "  -R hostname Remove host from known_hosts file.\n");
1776         fprintf(stderr, "  -r hostname Print DNS resource record.\n");
1777         fprintf(stderr, "  -S start    Start point (hex) for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1778         fprintf(stderr, "  -s ca_key   Certify keys with CA key.\n");
1779         fprintf(stderr, "  -T file     Screen candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1780         fprintf(stderr, "  -t type     Specify type of key to create.\n");
1781         fprintf(stderr, "  -V from:to  Specify certificate validity interval.\n");
1782         fprintf(stderr, "  -v          Verbose.\n");
1783         fprintf(stderr, "  -W gen      Generator to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1784         fprintf(stderr, "  -y          Read private key file and print public key.\n");
1785         fprintf(stderr, "  -z serial   Specify a serial number.\n");
1786
1787         exit(1);
1788 }
1789
1790 /*
1791  * Main program for key management.
1792  */
1793 int
1794 main(int argc, char **argv)
1795 {
1796         char dotsshdir[MAXPATHLEN], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1797         char out_file[MAXPATHLEN], *rr_hostname = NULL;
1798         Key *private, *public;
1799         struct passwd *pw;
1800         struct stat st;
1801         int opt, type, fd;
1802         u_int maxbits;
1803         u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0, trials = 100;
1804         int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
1805         BIGNUM *start = NULL;
1806         FILE *f;
1807         const char *errstr;
1808
1809         extern int optind;
1810         extern char *optarg;
1811
1812         /* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
1813         sanitise_stdfd();
1814
1815         __progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
1816
1817         OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
1818         log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
1819
1820         init_rng();
1821         seed_rng();
1822
1823         /* we need this for the home * directory.  */
1824         pw = getpwuid(getuid());
1825         if (!pw) {
1826                 printf("You don't exist, go away!\n");
1827                 exit(1);
1828         }
1829         if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0) {
1830                 perror("gethostname");
1831                 exit(1);
1832         }
1833
1834         while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "degiqpclBHLhvxXyF:b:f:t:D:I:P:m:N:n:"
1835             "O:C:r:g:R:T:G:M:S:s:a:V:W:z:")) != -1) {
1836                 switch (opt) {
1837                 case 'b':
1838                         bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 256, 32768, &errstr);
1839                         if (errstr)
1840                                 fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
1841                                         optarg, errstr);
1842                         break;
1843                 case 'F':
1844                         find_host = 1;
1845                         rr_hostname = optarg;
1846                         break;
1847                 case 'H':
1848                         hash_hosts = 1;
1849                         break;
1850                 case 'I':
1851                         cert_key_id = optarg;
1852                         break;
1853                 case 'R':
1854                         delete_host = 1;
1855                         rr_hostname = optarg;
1856                         break;
1857                 case 'L':
1858                         show_cert = 1;
1859                         break;
1860                 case 'l':
1861                         print_fingerprint = 1;
1862                         break;
1863                 case 'B':
1864                         print_bubblebabble = 1;
1865                         break;
1866                 case 'm':
1867                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
1868                             strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
1869                                 convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
1870                                 break;
1871                         }
1872                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
1873                                 convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
1874                                 break;
1875                         }
1876                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
1877                                 convert_format = FMT_PEM;
1878                                 break;
1879                         }
1880                         fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
1881                 case 'n':
1882                         cert_principals = optarg;
1883                         break;
1884                 case 'p':
1885                         change_passphrase = 1;
1886                         break;
1887                 case 'c':
1888                         change_comment = 1;
1889                         break;
1890                 case 'f':
1891                         if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1892                             sizeof(identity_file))
1893                                 fatal("Identity filename too long");
1894                         have_identity = 1;
1895                         break;
1896                 case 'g':
1897                         print_generic = 1;
1898                         break;
1899                 case 'P':
1900                         identity_passphrase = optarg;
1901                         break;
1902                 case 'N':
1903                         identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
1904                         break;
1905                 case 'O':
1906                         add_cert_option(optarg);
1907                         break;
1908                 case 'C':
1909                         identity_comment = optarg;
1910                         break;
1911                 case 'q':
1912                         quiet = 1;
1913                         break;
1914                 case 'e':
1915                 case 'x':
1916                         /* export key */
1917                         convert_to = 1;
1918                         break;
1919                 case 'h':
1920                         cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
1921                         certflags_flags = 0;
1922                         break;
1923                 case 'i':
1924                 case 'X':
1925                         /* import key */
1926                         convert_from = 1;
1927                         break;
1928                 case 'y':
1929                         print_public = 1;
1930                         break;
1931                 case 'd':
1932                         key_type_name = "dsa";
1933                         break;
1934                 case 's':
1935                         ca_key_path = optarg;
1936                         break;
1937                 case 't':
1938                         key_type_name = optarg;
1939                         break;
1940                 case 'D':
1941                         pkcs11provider = optarg;
1942                         break;
1943                 case 'v':
1944                         if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
1945                                 log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
1946                         else {
1947                                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
1948                                     log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
1949                                         log_level++;
1950                         }
1951                         break;
1952                 case 'r':
1953                         rr_hostname = optarg;
1954                         break;
1955                 case 'W':
1956                         generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
1957                             UINT_MAX, &errstr);
1958                         if (errstr)
1959                                 fatal("Desired generator has bad value: %s (%s)",
1960                                         optarg, errstr);
1961                         break;
1962                 case 'a':
1963                         trials = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
1964                         if (errstr)
1965                                 fatal("Invalid number of trials: %s (%s)",
1966                                         optarg, errstr);
1967                         break;
1968                 case 'M':
1969                         memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
1970                         if (errstr)
1971                                 fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
1972                         break;
1973                 case 'G':
1974                         do_gen_candidates = 1;
1975                         if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
1976                             sizeof(out_file))
1977                                 fatal("Output filename too long");
1978                         break;
1979                 case 'T':
1980                         do_screen_candidates = 1;
1981                         if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
1982                             sizeof(out_file))
1983                                 fatal("Output filename too long");
1984                         break;
1985                 case 'S':
1986                         /* XXX - also compare length against bits */
1987                         if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
1988                                 fatal("Invalid start point.");
1989                         break;
1990                 case 'V':
1991                         parse_cert_times(optarg);
1992                         break;
1993                 case 'z':
1994                         cert_serial = strtonum(optarg, 0, LLONG_MAX, &errstr);
1995                         if (errstr)
1996                                 fatal("Invalid serial number: %s", errstr);
1997                         break;
1998                 case '?':
1999                 default:
2000                         usage();
2001                 }
2002         }
2003
2004         /* reinit */
2005         log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2006
2007         argv += optind;
2008         argc -= optind;
2009
2010         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2011                 if (argc < 1) {
2012                         printf("Too few arguments.\n");
2013                         usage();
2014                 }
2015         } else if (argc > 0) {
2016                 printf("Too many arguments.\n");
2017                 usage();
2018         }
2019         if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
2020                 printf("Can only have one of -p and -c.\n");
2021                 usage();
2022         }
2023         if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
2024                 printf("Cannot use -l with -D or -R.\n");
2025                 usage();
2026         }
2027         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2028                 if (cert_key_id == NULL)
2029                         fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
2030                 do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
2031         }
2032         if (show_cert)
2033                 do_show_cert(pw);
2034         if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
2035                 do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
2036         if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
2037                 do_fingerprint(pw);
2038         if (change_passphrase)
2039                 do_change_passphrase(pw);
2040         if (change_comment)
2041                 do_change_comment(pw);
2042         if (convert_to)
2043                 do_convert_to(pw);
2044         if (convert_from)
2045                 do_convert_from(pw);
2046         if (print_public)
2047                 do_print_public(pw);
2048         if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
2049                 unsigned int n = 0;
2050
2051                 if (have_identity) {
2052                         n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
2053                             identity_file, rr_hostname);
2054                         if (n == 0) {
2055                                 perror(identity_file);
2056                                 exit(1);
2057                         }
2058                         exit(0);
2059                 } else {
2060
2061                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2062                             _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2063                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2064                             _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2065
2066                         if (n == 0)
2067                                 fatal("no keys found.");
2068                         exit(0);
2069                 }
2070         }
2071         if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
2072                 do_download(pw);
2073
2074         if (do_gen_candidates) {
2075                 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2076
2077                 if (out == NULL) {
2078                         error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2079                             out_file, strerror(errno));
2080                         return (1);
2081                 }
2082                 if (bits == 0)
2083                         bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2084                 if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
2085                         fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2086
2087                 return (0);
2088         }
2089
2090         if (do_screen_candidates) {
2091                 FILE *in;
2092                 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2093
2094                 if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2095                         if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2096                                 fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2097                                     "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2098                                     strerror(errno));
2099                         }
2100                 } else
2101                         in = stdin;
2102
2103                 if (out == NULL) {
2104                         fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2105                             out_file, strerror(errno));
2106                 }
2107                 if (prime_test(in, out, trials, generator_wanted) != 0)
2108                         fatal("modulus screening failed");
2109                 return (0);
2110         }
2111
2112         arc4random_stir();
2113
2114         if (key_type_name == NULL)
2115                 key_type_name = "rsa";
2116
2117         type = key_type_from_name(key_type_name);
2118         if (type == KEY_UNSPEC) {
2119                 fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
2120                 exit(1);
2121         }
2122         if (bits == 0) {
2123                 if (type == KEY_DSA)
2124                         bits = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
2125                 else if (type == KEY_ECDSA)
2126                         bits = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
2127                 else
2128                         bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2129         }
2130         maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
2131             OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
2132         if (bits > maxbits) {
2133                 fprintf(stderr, "key bits exceeds maximum %d\n", maxbits);
2134                 exit(1);
2135         }
2136         if (type == KEY_DSA && bits != 1024)
2137                 fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
2138         else if (type != KEY_ECDSA && bits < 768)
2139                 fatal("Key must at least be 768 bits");
2140         else if (type == KEY_ECDSA && key_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(bits) == -1)
2141                 fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length - valid lengths are "
2142                     "256, 384 or 521 bits");
2143         if (!quiet)
2144                 printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n", key_type_name);
2145         private = key_generate(type, bits);
2146         if (private == NULL) {
2147                 fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
2148                 exit(1);
2149         }
2150         public  = key_from_private(private);
2151
2152         if (!have_identity)
2153                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
2154
2155         /* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
2156         snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
2157             pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
2158         if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
2159                 if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
2160                         if (errno != ENOENT) {
2161                                 error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
2162                                     strerror(errno));
2163                         } else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
2164                                 error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
2165                                     dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
2166                         } else if (!quiet)
2167                                 printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
2168                 }
2169         }
2170         /* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2171         if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
2172                 char yesno[3];
2173                 printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
2174                 printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
2175                 fflush(stdout);
2176                 if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
2177                         exit(1);
2178                 if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
2179                         exit(1);
2180         }
2181         /* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2182         if (identity_passphrase)
2183                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2184         else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2185                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2186         else {
2187 passphrase_again:
2188                 passphrase1 =
2189                         read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2190                             "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2191                 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2192                     RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2193                 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2194                         /*
2195                          * The passphrases do not match.  Clear them and
2196                          * retry.
2197                          */
2198                         memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2199                         memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
2200                         xfree(passphrase1);
2201                         xfree(passphrase2);
2202                         printf("Passphrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
2203                         goto passphrase_again;
2204                 }
2205                 /* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2206                 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
2207                 xfree(passphrase2);
2208         }
2209
2210         if (identity_comment) {
2211                 strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
2212         } else {
2213                 /* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
2214                 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
2215         }
2216
2217         /* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
2218         if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
2219                 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
2220                 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2221                 xfree(passphrase1);
2222                 exit(1);
2223         }
2224         /* Clear the passphrase. */
2225         memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2226         xfree(passphrase1);
2227
2228         /* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
2229         key_free(private);
2230         arc4random_stir();
2231
2232         if (!quiet)
2233                 printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
2234
2235         strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
2236         fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
2237         if (fd == -1) {
2238                 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
2239                 exit(1);
2240         }
2241         f = fdopen(fd, "w");
2242         if (f == NULL) {
2243                 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
2244                 exit(1);
2245         }
2246         if (!key_write(public, f))
2247                 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
2248         fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
2249         fclose(f);
2250
2251         if (!quiet) {
2252                 char *fp = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
2253                 char *ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5,
2254                     SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
2255                 printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
2256                     identity_file);
2257                 printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
2258                 printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
2259                 printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
2260                 printf("%s\n", ra);
2261                 xfree(ra);
2262                 xfree(fp);
2263         }
2264
2265         key_free(public);
2266         exit(0);
2267 }