2 * WPA Supplicant / Configuration backend: text file
3 * Copyright (c) 2003-2012, Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
5 * This software may be distributed under the terms of the BSD license.
6 * See README for more details.
8 * This file implements a configuration backend for text files. All the
9 * configuration information is stored in a text file that uses a format
10 * described in the sample configuration file, wpa_supplicant.conf.
23 * wpa_config_get_line - Read the next configuration file line
24 * @s: Buffer for the line
25 * @size: The buffer length
26 * @stream: File stream to read from
27 * @line: Pointer to a variable storing the file line number
28 * @_pos: Buffer for the pointer to the beginning of data on the text line or
29 * %NULL if not needed (returned value used instead)
30 * Returns: Pointer to the beginning of data on the text line or %NULL if no
31 * more text lines are available.
33 * This function reads the next non-empty line from the configuration file and
34 * removes comments. The returned string is guaranteed to be null-terminated.
36 static char * wpa_config_get_line(char *s, int size, FILE *stream, int *line,
39 char *pos, *end, *sstart;
41 while (fgets(s, size, stream)) {
46 /* Skip white space from the beginning of line. */
47 while (*pos == ' ' || *pos == '\t' || *pos == '\r')
50 /* Skip comment lines and empty lines */
51 if (*pos == '#' || *pos == '\n' || *pos == '\0')
55 * Remove # comments unless they are within a double quoted
58 sstart = os_strchr(pos, '"');
60 sstart = os_strrchr(sstart + 1, '"');
63 end = os_strchr(sstart, '#');
67 end = pos + os_strlen(pos) - 1;
69 /* Remove trailing white space. */
71 (*end == '\n' || *end == ' ' || *end == '\t' ||
89 static int wpa_config_validate_network(struct wpa_ssid *ssid, int line)
93 if (ssid->passphrase) {
95 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Line %d: both PSK and "
96 "passphrase configured.", line);
99 wpa_config_update_psk(ssid);
102 if ((ssid->group_cipher & WPA_CIPHER_CCMP) &&
103 !(ssid->pairwise_cipher & WPA_CIPHER_CCMP) &&
104 !(ssid->pairwise_cipher & WPA_CIPHER_NONE)) {
105 /* Group cipher cannot be stronger than the pairwise cipher. */
106 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Line %d: removed CCMP from group cipher"
107 " list since it was not allowed for pairwise "
109 ssid->group_cipher &= ~WPA_CIPHER_CCMP;
116 static struct wpa_ssid * wpa_config_read_network(FILE *f, int *line, int id)
118 struct wpa_ssid *ssid;
119 int errors = 0, end = 0;
120 char buf[256], *pos, *pos2;
122 wpa_printf(MSG_MSGDUMP, "Line: %d - start of a new network block",
124 ssid = os_zalloc(sizeof(*ssid));
129 wpa_config_set_network_defaults(ssid);
131 while (wpa_config_get_line(buf, sizeof(buf), f, line, &pos)) {
132 if (os_strcmp(pos, "}") == 0) {
137 pos2 = os_strchr(pos, '=');
139 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Line %d: Invalid SSID line "
140 "'%s'.", *line, pos);
147 if (os_strchr(pos2 + 1, '"') == NULL) {
148 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Line %d: invalid "
149 "quotation '%s'.", *line, pos2);
155 if (wpa_config_set(ssid, pos, pos2, *line) < 0)
160 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Line %d: network block was not "
161 "terminated properly.", *line);
165 errors += wpa_config_validate_network(ssid, *line);
168 wpa_config_free_ssid(ssid);
176 static struct wpa_cred * wpa_config_read_cred(FILE *f, int *line, int id)
178 struct wpa_cred *cred;
179 int errors = 0, end = 0;
180 char buf[256], *pos, *pos2;
182 wpa_printf(MSG_MSGDUMP, "Line: %d - start of a new cred block", *line);
183 cred = os_zalloc(sizeof(*cred));
188 while (wpa_config_get_line(buf, sizeof(buf), f, line, &pos)) {
189 if (os_strcmp(pos, "}") == 0) {
194 pos2 = os_strchr(pos, '=');
196 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Line %d: Invalid cred line "
197 "'%s'.", *line, pos);
204 if (os_strchr(pos2 + 1, '"') == NULL) {
205 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Line %d: invalid "
206 "quotation '%s'.", *line, pos2);
212 if (wpa_config_set_cred(cred, pos, pos2, *line) < 0)
217 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Line %d: cred block was not "
218 "terminated properly.", *line);
223 wpa_config_free_cred(cred);
231 #ifndef CONFIG_NO_CONFIG_BLOBS
232 static struct wpa_config_blob * wpa_config_read_blob(FILE *f, int *line,
235 struct wpa_config_blob *blob;
237 unsigned char *encoded = NULL, *nencoded;
239 size_t encoded_len = 0, len;
241 wpa_printf(MSG_MSGDUMP, "Line: %d - start of a new named blob '%s'",
244 while (wpa_config_get_line(buf, sizeof(buf), f, line, &pos)) {
245 if (os_strcmp(pos, "}") == 0) {
250 len = os_strlen(pos);
251 nencoded = os_realloc(encoded, encoded_len + len);
252 if (nencoded == NULL) {
253 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Line %d: not enough memory for "
259 os_memcpy(encoded + encoded_len, pos, len);
264 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Line %d: blob was not terminated "
270 blob = os_zalloc(sizeof(*blob));
275 blob->name = os_strdup(name);
276 blob->data = base64_decode(encoded, encoded_len, &blob->len);
279 if (blob->name == NULL || blob->data == NULL) {
280 wpa_config_free_blob(blob);
288 static int wpa_config_process_blob(struct wpa_config *config, FILE *f,
289 int *line, char *bname)
292 struct wpa_config_blob *blob;
294 name_end = os_strchr(bname, '=');
295 if (name_end == NULL) {
296 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Line %d: no blob name terminator",
302 blob = wpa_config_read_blob(f, line, bname);
304 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Line %d: failed to read blob %s",
308 wpa_config_set_blob(config, blob);
311 #endif /* CONFIG_NO_CONFIG_BLOBS */
314 struct wpa_config * wpa_config_read(const char *name)
318 int errors = 0, line = 0;
319 struct wpa_ssid *ssid, *tail = NULL, *head = NULL;
320 struct wpa_cred *cred, *cred_tail = NULL, *cred_head = NULL;
321 struct wpa_config *config;
325 config = wpa_config_alloc_empty(NULL, NULL);
328 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Reading configuration file '%s'", name);
329 f = fopen(name, "r");
335 while (wpa_config_get_line(buf, sizeof(buf), f, &line, &pos)) {
336 if (os_strcmp(pos, "network={") == 0) {
337 ssid = wpa_config_read_network(f, &line, id++);
339 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Line %d: failed to "
340 "parse network block.", line);
350 if (wpa_config_add_prio_network(config, ssid)) {
351 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Line %d: failed to add "
352 "network block to priority list.",
357 } else if (os_strcmp(pos, "cred={") == 0) {
358 cred = wpa_config_read_cred(f, &line, cred_id++);
360 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Line %d: failed to "
361 "parse cred block.", line);
365 if (cred_head == NULL) {
366 cred_head = cred_tail = cred;
368 cred_tail->next = cred;
371 #ifndef CONFIG_NO_CONFIG_BLOBS
372 } else if (os_strncmp(pos, "blob-base64-", 12) == 0) {
373 if (wpa_config_process_blob(config, f, &line, pos + 12)
378 #endif /* CONFIG_NO_CONFIG_BLOBS */
379 } else if (wpa_config_process_global(config, pos, line) < 0) {
380 wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Line %d: Invalid configuration "
381 "line '%s'.", line, pos);
390 wpa_config_debug_dump_networks(config);
391 config->cred = cred_head;
393 #ifndef WPA_IGNORE_CONFIG_ERRORS
395 wpa_config_free(config);
399 #endif /* WPA_IGNORE_CONFIG_ERRORS */
405 #ifndef CONFIG_NO_CONFIG_WRITE
407 static void write_str(FILE *f, const char *field, struct wpa_ssid *ssid)
409 char *value = wpa_config_get(ssid, field);
412 fprintf(f, "\t%s=%s\n", field, value);
417 static void write_int(FILE *f, const char *field, int value, int def)
421 fprintf(f, "\t%s=%d\n", field, value);
425 static void write_bssid(FILE *f, struct wpa_ssid *ssid)
427 char *value = wpa_config_get(ssid, "bssid");
430 fprintf(f, "\tbssid=%s\n", value);
435 static void write_psk(FILE *f, struct wpa_ssid *ssid)
437 char *value = wpa_config_get(ssid, "psk");
440 fprintf(f, "\tpsk=%s\n", value);
445 static void write_proto(FILE *f, struct wpa_ssid *ssid)
449 if (ssid->proto == DEFAULT_PROTO)
452 value = wpa_config_get(ssid, "proto");
456 fprintf(f, "\tproto=%s\n", value);
461 static void write_key_mgmt(FILE *f, struct wpa_ssid *ssid)
465 if (ssid->key_mgmt == DEFAULT_KEY_MGMT)
468 value = wpa_config_get(ssid, "key_mgmt");
472 fprintf(f, "\tkey_mgmt=%s\n", value);
477 static void write_pairwise(FILE *f, struct wpa_ssid *ssid)
481 if (ssid->pairwise_cipher == DEFAULT_PAIRWISE)
484 value = wpa_config_get(ssid, "pairwise");
488 fprintf(f, "\tpairwise=%s\n", value);
493 static void write_group(FILE *f, struct wpa_ssid *ssid)
497 if (ssid->group_cipher == DEFAULT_GROUP)
500 value = wpa_config_get(ssid, "group");
504 fprintf(f, "\tgroup=%s\n", value);
509 static void write_auth_alg(FILE *f, struct wpa_ssid *ssid)
513 if (ssid->auth_alg == 0)
516 value = wpa_config_get(ssid, "auth_alg");
520 fprintf(f, "\tauth_alg=%s\n", value);
525 #ifdef IEEE8021X_EAPOL
526 static void write_eap(FILE *f, struct wpa_ssid *ssid)
530 value = wpa_config_get(ssid, "eap");
535 fprintf(f, "\teap=%s\n", value);
538 #endif /* IEEE8021X_EAPOL */
541 static void write_wep_key(FILE *f, int idx, struct wpa_ssid *ssid)
543 char field[20], *value;
546 res = os_snprintf(field, sizeof(field), "wep_key%d", idx);
547 if (res < 0 || (size_t) res >= sizeof(field))
549 value = wpa_config_get(ssid, field);
551 fprintf(f, "\t%s=%s\n", field, value);
558 static void write_p2p_client_list(FILE *f, struct wpa_ssid *ssid)
560 char *value = wpa_config_get(ssid, "p2p_client_list");
563 fprintf(f, "\tp2p_client_list=%s\n", value);
566 #endif /* CONFIG_P2P */
569 static void wpa_config_write_network(FILE *f, struct wpa_ssid *ssid)
573 #define STR(t) write_str(f, #t, ssid)
574 #define INT(t) write_int(f, #t, ssid->t, 0)
575 #define INTe(t) write_int(f, #t, ssid->eap.t, 0)
576 #define INT_DEF(t, def) write_int(f, #t, ssid->t, def)
577 #define INT_DEFe(t, def) write_int(f, #t, ssid->eap.t, def)
581 write_bssid(f, ssid);
583 write_proto(f, ssid);
584 write_key_mgmt(f, ssid);
585 INT_DEF(bg_scan_period, DEFAULT_BG_SCAN_PERIOD);
586 write_pairwise(f, ssid);
587 write_group(f, ssid);
588 write_auth_alg(f, ssid);
591 #ifdef IEEE8021X_EAPOL
594 STR(anonymous_identity);
600 STR(private_key_passwd);
603 STR(altsubject_match);
608 STR(private_key2_passwd);
611 STR(altsubject_match2);
627 INT_DEF(eapol_flags, DEFAULT_EAPOL_FLAGS);
628 #endif /* IEEE8021X_EAPOL */
629 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
630 write_wep_key(f, i, ssid);
633 #ifdef IEEE8021X_EAPOL
634 INT_DEF(eap_workaround, DEFAULT_EAP_WORKAROUND);
636 INT_DEFe(fragment_size, DEFAULT_FRAGMENT_SIZE);
637 #endif /* IEEE8021X_EAPOL */
639 INT(proactive_key_caching);
642 #ifdef CONFIG_IEEE80211W
644 #endif /* CONFIG_IEEE80211W */
647 write_p2p_client_list(f, ssid);
648 #endif /* CONFIG_P2P */
656 static void wpa_config_write_cred(FILE *f, struct wpa_cred *cred)
659 fprintf(f, "\tpriority=%d\n", cred->priority);
661 fprintf(f, "\tpcsc=%d\n", cred->pcsc);
663 fprintf(f, "\trealm=\"%s\"\n", cred->realm);
665 fprintf(f, "\tusername=\"%s\"\n", cred->username);
667 fprintf(f, "\tpassword=\"%s\"\n", cred->password);
669 fprintf(f, "\tca_cert=\"%s\"\n", cred->ca_cert);
671 fprintf(f, "\timsi=\"%s\"\n", cred->imsi);
673 fprintf(f, "\tmilenage=\"%s\"\n", cred->milenage);
675 fprintf(f, "\tdomain=\"%s\"\n", cred->domain);
679 #ifndef CONFIG_NO_CONFIG_BLOBS
680 static int wpa_config_write_blob(FILE *f, struct wpa_config_blob *blob)
682 unsigned char *encoded;
684 encoded = base64_encode(blob->data, blob->len, NULL);
688 fprintf(f, "\nblob-base64-%s={\n%s}\n", blob->name, encoded);
692 #endif /* CONFIG_NO_CONFIG_BLOBS */
695 static void write_global_bin(FILE *f, const char *field,
696 const struct wpabuf *val)
704 fprintf(f, "%s=", field);
705 pos = wpabuf_head(val);
706 for (i = 0; i < wpabuf_len(val); i++)
707 fprintf(f, "%02X", *pos++);
712 static void wpa_config_write_global(FILE *f, struct wpa_config *config)
714 #ifdef CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE
715 if (config->ctrl_interface)
716 fprintf(f, "ctrl_interface=%s\n", config->ctrl_interface);
717 if (config->ctrl_interface_group)
718 fprintf(f, "ctrl_interface_group=%s\n",
719 config->ctrl_interface_group);
720 #endif /* CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE */
721 if (config->eapol_version != DEFAULT_EAPOL_VERSION)
722 fprintf(f, "eapol_version=%d\n", config->eapol_version);
723 if (config->ap_scan != DEFAULT_AP_SCAN)
724 fprintf(f, "ap_scan=%d\n", config->ap_scan);
725 if (config->disable_scan_offload)
726 fprintf(f, "disable_scan_offload=%d\n",
727 config->disable_scan_offload);
728 if (config->fast_reauth != DEFAULT_FAST_REAUTH)
729 fprintf(f, "fast_reauth=%d\n", config->fast_reauth);
730 if (config->opensc_engine_path)
731 fprintf(f, "opensc_engine_path=%s\n",
732 config->opensc_engine_path);
733 if (config->pkcs11_engine_path)
734 fprintf(f, "pkcs11_engine_path=%s\n",
735 config->pkcs11_engine_path);
736 if (config->pkcs11_module_path)
737 fprintf(f, "pkcs11_module_path=%s\n",
738 config->pkcs11_module_path);
739 if (config->pcsc_reader)
740 fprintf(f, "pcsc_reader=%s\n", config->pcsc_reader);
741 if (config->pcsc_pin)
742 fprintf(f, "pcsc_pin=%s\n", config->pcsc_pin);
743 if (config->driver_param)
744 fprintf(f, "driver_param=%s\n", config->driver_param);
745 if (config->dot11RSNAConfigPMKLifetime)
746 fprintf(f, "dot11RSNAConfigPMKLifetime=%d\n",
747 config->dot11RSNAConfigPMKLifetime);
748 if (config->dot11RSNAConfigPMKReauthThreshold)
749 fprintf(f, "dot11RSNAConfigPMKReauthThreshold=%d\n",
750 config->dot11RSNAConfigPMKReauthThreshold);
751 if (config->dot11RSNAConfigSATimeout)
752 fprintf(f, "dot11RSNAConfigSATimeout=%d\n",
753 config->dot11RSNAConfigSATimeout);
754 if (config->update_config)
755 fprintf(f, "update_config=%d\n", config->update_config);
757 if (!is_nil_uuid(config->uuid)) {
759 uuid_bin2str(config->uuid, buf, sizeof(buf));
760 fprintf(f, "uuid=%s\n", buf);
762 if (config->device_name)
763 fprintf(f, "device_name=%s\n", config->device_name);
764 if (config->manufacturer)
765 fprintf(f, "manufacturer=%s\n", config->manufacturer);
766 if (config->model_name)
767 fprintf(f, "model_name=%s\n", config->model_name);
768 if (config->model_number)
769 fprintf(f, "model_number=%s\n", config->model_number);
770 if (config->serial_number)
771 fprintf(f, "serial_number=%s\n", config->serial_number);
773 char _buf[WPS_DEV_TYPE_BUFSIZE], *buf;
774 buf = wps_dev_type_bin2str(config->device_type,
776 if (os_strcmp(buf, "0-00000000-0") != 0)
777 fprintf(f, "device_type=%s\n", buf);
779 if (WPA_GET_BE32(config->os_version))
780 fprintf(f, "os_version=%08x\n",
781 WPA_GET_BE32(config->os_version));
782 if (config->config_methods)
783 fprintf(f, "config_methods=%s\n", config->config_methods);
784 if (config->wps_cred_processing)
785 fprintf(f, "wps_cred_processing=%d\n",
786 config->wps_cred_processing);
787 if (config->wps_vendor_ext_m1) {
788 int i, len = wpabuf_len(config->wps_vendor_ext_m1);
789 const u8 *p = wpabuf_head_u8(config->wps_vendor_ext_m1);
791 fprintf(f, "wps_vendor_ext_m1=");
792 for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
793 fprintf(f, "%02x", *p++);
797 #endif /* CONFIG_WPS */
799 if (config->p2p_listen_reg_class)
800 fprintf(f, "p2p_listen_reg_class=%u\n",
801 config->p2p_listen_reg_class);
802 if (config->p2p_listen_channel)
803 fprintf(f, "p2p_listen_channel=%u\n",
804 config->p2p_listen_channel);
805 if (config->p2p_oper_reg_class)
806 fprintf(f, "p2p_oper_reg_class=%u\n",
807 config->p2p_oper_reg_class);
808 if (config->p2p_oper_channel)
809 fprintf(f, "p2p_oper_channel=%u\n", config->p2p_oper_channel);
810 if (config->p2p_go_intent != DEFAULT_P2P_GO_INTENT)
811 fprintf(f, "p2p_go_intent=%u\n", config->p2p_go_intent);
812 if (config->p2p_ssid_postfix)
813 fprintf(f, "p2p_ssid_postfix=%s\n", config->p2p_ssid_postfix);
814 if (config->persistent_reconnect)
815 fprintf(f, "persistent_reconnect=%u\n",
816 config->persistent_reconnect);
817 if (config->p2p_intra_bss != DEFAULT_P2P_INTRA_BSS)
818 fprintf(f, "p2p_intra_bss=%u\n", config->p2p_intra_bss);
819 if (config->p2p_group_idle)
820 fprintf(f, "p2p_group_idle=%u\n", config->p2p_group_idle);
821 if (config->p2p_pref_chan) {
823 fprintf(f, "p2p_pref_chan=");
824 for (i = 0; i < config->num_p2p_pref_chan; i++) {
825 fprintf(f, "%s%u:%u", i > 0 ? "," : "",
826 config->p2p_pref_chan[i].op_class,
827 config->p2p_pref_chan[i].chan);
831 #endif /* CONFIG_P2P */
832 if (config->country[0] && config->country[1]) {
833 fprintf(f, "country=%c%c\n",
834 config->country[0], config->country[1]);
836 if (config->bss_max_count != DEFAULT_BSS_MAX_COUNT)
837 fprintf(f, "bss_max_count=%u\n", config->bss_max_count);
838 if (config->bss_expiration_age != DEFAULT_BSS_EXPIRATION_AGE)
839 fprintf(f, "bss_expiration_age=%u\n",
840 config->bss_expiration_age);
841 if (config->bss_expiration_scan_count !=
842 DEFAULT_BSS_EXPIRATION_SCAN_COUNT)
843 fprintf(f, "bss_expiration_scan_count=%u\n",
844 config->bss_expiration_scan_count);
845 if (config->filter_ssids)
846 fprintf(f, "filter_ssids=%d\n", config->filter_ssids);
847 if (config->max_num_sta != DEFAULT_MAX_NUM_STA)
848 fprintf(f, "max_num_sta=%u\n", config->max_num_sta);
849 if (config->disassoc_low_ack)
850 fprintf(f, "disassoc_low_ack=%u\n", config->disassoc_low_ack);
853 fprintf(f, "hs20=1\n");
854 #endif /* CONFIG_HS20 */
855 #ifdef CONFIG_INTERWORKING
856 if (config->interworking)
857 fprintf(f, "interworking=%u\n", config->interworking);
858 if (!is_zero_ether_addr(config->hessid))
859 fprintf(f, "hessid=" MACSTR "\n", MAC2STR(config->hessid));
860 if (config->access_network_type != DEFAULT_ACCESS_NETWORK_TYPE)
861 fprintf(f, "access_network_type=%d\n",
862 config->access_network_type);
863 #endif /* CONFIG_INTERWORKING */
864 if (config->pbc_in_m1)
865 fprintf(f, "pbc_in_m1=%u\n", config->pbc_in_m1);
866 if (config->wps_nfc_dev_pw_id)
867 fprintf(f, "wps_nfc_dev_pw_id=%d\n",
868 config->wps_nfc_dev_pw_id);
869 write_global_bin(f, "wps_nfc_dh_pubkey", config->wps_nfc_dh_pubkey);
870 write_global_bin(f, "wps_nfc_dh_privkey", config->wps_nfc_dh_privkey);
871 write_global_bin(f, "wps_nfc_dev_pw", config->wps_nfc_dev_pw);
873 if (config->ext_password_backend)
874 fprintf(f, "ext_password_backend=%s\n",
875 config->ext_password_backend);
878 #endif /* CONFIG_NO_CONFIG_WRITE */
881 int wpa_config_write(const char *name, struct wpa_config *config)
883 #ifndef CONFIG_NO_CONFIG_WRITE
885 struct wpa_ssid *ssid;
886 struct wpa_cred *cred;
887 #ifndef CONFIG_NO_CONFIG_BLOBS
888 struct wpa_config_blob *blob;
889 #endif /* CONFIG_NO_CONFIG_BLOBS */
892 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Writing configuration file '%s'", name);
894 f = fopen(name, "w");
896 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Failed to open '%s' for writing", name);
900 wpa_config_write_global(f, config);
902 for (cred = config->cred; cred; cred = cred->next) {
903 fprintf(f, "\ncred={\n");
904 wpa_config_write_cred(f, cred);
908 for (ssid = config->ssid; ssid; ssid = ssid->next) {
909 if (ssid->key_mgmt == WPA_KEY_MGMT_WPS || ssid->temporary)
910 continue; /* do not save temporary networks */
911 if (wpa_key_mgmt_wpa_psk(ssid->key_mgmt) && !ssid->psk_set &&
913 continue; /* do not save invalid network */
914 fprintf(f, "\nnetwork={\n");
915 wpa_config_write_network(f, ssid);
919 #ifndef CONFIG_NO_CONFIG_BLOBS
920 for (blob = config->blobs; blob; blob = blob->next) {
921 ret = wpa_config_write_blob(f, blob);
925 #endif /* CONFIG_NO_CONFIG_BLOBS */
929 wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Configuration file '%s' written %ssuccessfully",
930 name, ret ? "un" : "");
932 #else /* CONFIG_NO_CONFIG_WRITE */
934 #endif /* CONFIG_NO_CONFIG_WRITE */